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root: root

The root grammatical relation points to the root of the sentence. A fake node “ROOT” is used as the governor. The ROOT node is indexed with “0”, since the indices of real words in the sentence start at 1.

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ROOT Jag älskar pommes frites . \n ROOT I love French fries .
root(ROOT, älskar)
{
    "text": "ROOT Jag älskar pommes frites . \n ROOT I love French fries . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 23, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 30, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 34, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 39, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 41, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 46, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 53, 58 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 59, 60 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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input
    
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ROOT Bill är en ärlig man \n ROOT Bill is an honest man
root(ROOT, man-6)
{
    "text": "ROOT Bill är en ärlig man \n ROOT Bill is an honest man ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 16, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 22, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 28, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 33, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 38, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 41, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 44, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 51, 54 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish)

This relation is universal.

6026 nodes (6%) are attached to their parents as root.

6026 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 5.12894125456356.

The following 9 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: sv-pos/ROOT-VERB (4503; 75% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-NOUN (866; 14% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-ADJ (531; 9% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-PRON (44; 1% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-PROPN (31; 1% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-ADV (25; 0% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-NUM (16; 0% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-ADP (6; 0% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-INTJ (4; 0% instances).

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 0	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0 4 root	color:blue
1	'	'	PUNCT	PAD	_	4	punct	_	_
2	Du	du	PRON	PN|UTR|SIN|DEF|SUB	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	skall	skola	AUX	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	4	aux	_	_
4	lyda	lyda	VERB	VB|INF|AKT	VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
5	din	du	DET	PS|UTR|SIN|DEF	Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	fader	far	NOUN	NN|UTR|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	4	dobj	_	_
7	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	4	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	PAD	_	4	punct	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 0	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0 2 root	color:blue
1	En	en	DET	DT|UTR|SIN|IND	Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	huvudtes	huvudtes	NOUN	NN|UTR|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	i	i	ADP	PP	_	4	case	_	_
4	kibbutzideologin	kibbutzideologi	NOUN	NN|UTR|SIN|DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	är	vara	VERB	VB|PRS|AKT	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	2	cop	_	_
6	fullständig	fullständig	ADJ	JJ|POS|UTR|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	7	amod	_	_
7	jämställdhet	jämställdhet	NOUN	NN|UTR|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
8	mellan	mellan	ADP	PP	_	9	case	_	_
9	könen	kön	NOUN	NN|NEU|PLU|DEF|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	2	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 0	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0 1 root	color:blue
1	Publicerad	publicera	ADJ	PC|PRF|UTR|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	i	i	ADP	PP	_	3	case	_	_
3	Children	Children	PROPN	PM|NOM	Case=Nom	1	nmod	_	_
4	1958	1958	NUM	RG|NOM	Case=Nom|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	MID	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Vol.	Vol.	NOUN	NN|AN	_	7	nmod	_	_
7	5	5	NUM	RG|NOM	Case=Nom|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	MID	_	7	punct	_	_
9	179-184	179-184	NUM	RG|NOM	Case=Nom|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	MAD	_	1	punct	_	_

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish-LinES)

This relation is universal.

4564 nodes (6%) are attached to their parents as root.

4564 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 4.65512708150745.

The following 14 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: sv-pos/ROOT-VERB (3643; 80% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-NOUN (444; 10% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-ADJ (278; 6% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-PRON (66; 1% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-PROPN (33; 1% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-ADV (27; 1% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-AUX (27; 1% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-INTJ (18; 0% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-CONJ (13; 0% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-NUM (7; 0% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-ADP (5; 0% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-DET (1; 0% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-PART (1; 0% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-SYM (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 0	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0 1 root	color:blue
1	Länka	_	VERB	IMP-ACT	_	0	root	_	_
2	en	_	DET	SG-IND	_	3	det	_	_
3	sida	_	NOUN	SG-IND-NOM	_	1	dobj	_	_
4	till	_	ADP	_	_	6	case	_	_
5	en	_	DET	SG-IND	_	6	det	_	_
6	anslutningsfil	_	NOUN	SG-IND-NOM	_	3	nmod	_	_

# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 0	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0 3 root	color:blue
1	Om	_	ADP	_	_	3	case	_	_
2	ANSI	_	PROPN	SG-NOM	_	3	compound	_	_
3	SQL-frågeläge	_	NOUN	IND-NOM	_	0	root	_	_

# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 0	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0 6 root	color:blue
1	Sådana	_	ADJ	POS-PL-IND	_	2	det	_	_
2	kontroller	_	NOUN	PL-IND-NOM	_	6	nsubj	_	_
3	kommer	_	AUX	PRES-AUX	_	6	aux	_	_
4	att	_	PART	_	_	6	mark	_	_
5	vara	_	VERB	INF-ACT	_	6	cop	_	_
6	obundna	_	ADJ	POS-PL-IND	_	0	root	_	_
7	på	_	ADP	_	_	8	case	_	_
8	sidan	_	NOUN	SG-DEF-NOM	_	6	nmod	_	_
9	.	_	PUNCT	Period	_	6	punct	_	_

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish_Sign_Language)

This relation is universal.

82 nodes (12%) are attached to their parents as root.

82 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.54878048780488.

The following 5 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: sv-pos/ROOT-VERB (68; 83% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-X (10; 12% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-NOUN (2; 2% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-ADJ (1; 1% instances), sv-pos/ROOT-ADV (1; 1% instances).

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 0	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0 1 root	color:blue
1	SÄTTA-SIG	_	VERB	VB	_	0	root	_	_
2	ÄTA(Q)	_	VERB	VB	_	1	conj	_	_
3	TITTA-PÅ	_	VERB	VB	_	1	conj	_	_
4	SNÖ^GUBBE	_	NOUN	NN	_	3	dobj	_	_
5	PEK	_	DET	PEK	_	4	det	_	_
6	ÄTA(Q)	_	VERB	VB	_	2	conj	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 0	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0 1 root	color:blue
1	KLÄ-PÅ.NEDERDEL	_	X	?	_	0	root	_	_
2	KLÄ-PÅ.ÖVERDEL	_	X	?	_	1	conj	_	_
3	VARM	_	ADJ	JJ	_	4	amod	_	_
4	KLÄDER	_	NOUN	NN	_	1	dobj	_	_
5	MÖSSA(G)	_	X	?	_	4	conj	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 0	fgColor:white
# visual-style 0 2 root	color:blue
1	PRO1	_	PRON	PN	_	2	nsubj	_	_
2	SNÖ^MAN	_	NOUN	NN	_	0	root	_	_

---

root in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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