This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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root: root

The root grammatical relation points to the root of the sentence. A fake node “ROOT” is used as the governor. The ROOT node is indexed with “0”, since the indexation of real words in the sentence starts at 1.


Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

This relation is universal.

16300 nodes (7%) are attached to their parents as root.

16300 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 4.52680981595092.

The following 15 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: en-pos/ROOT-VERB (9285; 57% instances), en-pos/ROOT-NOUN (2745; 17% instances), en-pos/ROOT-ADJ (1669; 10% instances), en-pos/ROOT-PROPN (1406; 9% instances), en-pos/ROOT-NUM (272; 2% instances), en-pos/ROOT-ADV (249; 2% instances), en-pos/ROOT-X (238; 1% instances), en-pos/ROOT-INTJ (127; 1% instances), en-pos/ROOT-PRON (119; 1% instances), en-pos/ROOT-PUNCT (86; 1% instances), en-pos/ROOT-SYM (54; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-DET (26; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-AUX (16; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-PART (6; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-CONJ (2; 0% instances).


Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)

This relation is universal.

5124 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as root.

5124 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 5.34445745511319.

The following 13 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: en-pos/ROOT-VERB (3733; 73% instances), en-pos/ROOT-ADJ (732; 14% instances), en-pos/ROOT-NOUN (510; 10% instances), en-pos/ROOT-PROPN (51; 1% instances), en-pos/ROOT-ADV (31; 1% instances), en-pos/ROOT-NUM (31; 1% instances), en-pos/ROOT-PRON (15; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-DET (8; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-AUX (6; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-INTJ (3; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-SYM (2; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-ADP (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-X (1; 0% instances).


Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)

This relation is universal.

4564 nodes (6%) are attached to their parents as root.

4564 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 5.3648115687993.

The following 13 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: en-pos/ROOT-VERB (3596; 79% instances), en-pos/ROOT-NOUN (483; 11% instances), en-pos/ROOT-ADJ (289; 6% instances), en-pos/ROOT-PRON (62; 1% instances), en-pos/ROOT-AUX (43; 1% instances), en-pos/ROOT-PROPN (38; 1% instances), en-pos/ROOT-ADV (21; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-NUM (15; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-INTJ (9; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-ADP (3; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-PART (3; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-CONJ (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ROOT-SCONJ (1; 0% instances).


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