This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
home cs/dep issue tracker

nmod: nominal modifier

The nmod relation is used for nominal modifiers. They depend either on another noun (group “noun dependents”) or on a predicate (group “non-core dependents of clausal predicates”).

nmod is a noun (or noun phrase) functioning as a non-core (oblique) argument or adjunct. This means that it functionally corresponds to an adverbial when it attaches to a verb, adjective or other adverb. But when attaching to a noun, it usually corresponds to a non-agreeing attribute (přívlastek neshodný) in genitive. (See below for an example of an agreeing attribute, přívlastek shodný.)

In Czech the nmod relation covers only those possessives that are expressed using the genitive Case. If a possessive adjective is used, the relation is labeled amod.

nmod is also used for temporal nominal modifiers:

Agreeing attribute of a noun

nmod noun phrases attached to nouns are usually in the genitive Case and follow the modified noun. However, there is also a different kind of nmod that precedes the modified noun and agrees with it in case and number. A typical example is a title attached to a name of a person. The relation is similar to the name relation that links the first and the last name, but it is not labeled name because the title is not part of the name:

Note that the same thing can be also expressed using an apposition. In the case of apposition, the title follows the modified name and is separated by a punctuation symbol:


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)

This relation is universal.

234109 nodes (16%) are attached to their parents as nmod.

184220 instances of nmod (79%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.62925816606794.

The following 83 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nmod: NOUN-NOUN (111560; 48% instances), VERB-NOUN (57267; 24% instances), NOUN-PROPN (22797; 10% instances), PROPN-NOUN (9412; 4% instances), ADJ-NOUN (6112; 3% instances), VERB-PROPN (5922; 3% instances), VERB-PRON (4955; 2% instances), PROPN-PROPN (3771; 2% instances), NUM-NOUN (3204; 1% instances), NOUN-PRON (3058; 1% instances), ADV-NOUN (1626; 1% instances), NUM-SYM (834; 0% instances), ADJ-PROPN (781; 0% instances), ADJ-PRON (568; 0% instances), PRON-NOUN (445; 0% instances), PRON-PRON (276; 0% instances), SYM-NOUN (267; 0% instances), ADV-PRON (231; 0% instances), NUM-PRON (207; 0% instances), NOUN-SYM (81; 0% instances), ADV-PROPN (79; 0% instances), NUM-PROPN (78; 0% instances), NOUN-PART (76; 0% instances), VERB-NUM (76; 0% instances), PRON-PROPN (46; 0% instances), NOUN-CONJ (35; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (35; 0% instances), NOUN-ADP (30; 0% instances), PROPN-PRON (30; 0% instances), NOUN-INTJ (27; 0% instances), DET-NOUN (18; 0% instances), PUNCT-NOUN (17; 0% instances), SYM-PRON (14; 0% instances), VERB-PART (11; 0% instances), ADV-SYM (10; 0% instances), PART-PRON (10; 0% instances), ADJ-NUM (9; 0% instances), NOUN-ADJ (9; 0% instances), PART-NOUN (9; 0% instances), X-X (9; 0% instances), PROPN-INTJ (8; 0% instances), NUM-CONJ (7; 0% instances), PROPN-PART (6; 0% instances), ADJ-ADP (5; 0% instances), ADP-PROPN (5; 0% instances), SYM-PROPN (5; 0% instances), ADP-NOUN (4; 0% instances), DET-PRON (4; 0% instances), PROPN-CONJ (4; 0% instances), ADJ-ADJ (3; 0% instances), ADP-PRON (3; 0% instances), INTJ-PRON (3; 0% instances), NOUN-X (3; 0% instances), PART-PROPN (3; 0% instances), VERB-ADJ (3; 0% instances), VERB-ADP (3; 0% instances), ADJ-DET (2; 0% instances), ADJ-PART (2; 0% instances), ADV-CONJ (2; 0% instances), CONJ-NOUN (2; 0% instances), CONJ-PROPN (2; 0% instances), DET-PROPN (2; 0% instances), INTJ-NOUN (2; 0% instances), NUM-ADP (2; 0% instances), PART-PART (2; 0% instances), PRON-PART (2; 0% instances), VERB-SCONJ (2; 0% instances), ADV-PART (1; 0% instances), INTJ-PROPN (1; 0% instances), NUM-PART (1; 0% instances), PART-NUM (1; 0% instances), PRON-NUM (1; 0% instances), PRON-SYM (1; 0% instances), PRON-VERB (1; 0% instances), PROPN-ADP (1; 0% instances), PROPN-NUM (1; 0% instances), PROPN-SCONJ (1; 0% instances), PUNCT-PROPN (1; 0% instances), SCONJ-NOUN (1; 0% instances), SCONJ-PRON (1; 0% instances), SYM-PART (1; 0% instances), VERB-CONJ (1; 0% instances), VERB-SYM (1; 0% instances).


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)

This relation is universal.

80460 nodes (16%) are attached to their parents as nmod.

66270 instances of nmod (82%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.58108376833209.

The following 65 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nmod: NOUN-NOUN (44876; 56% instances), VERB-NOUN (19075; 24% instances), NOUN-PROPN (3732; 5% instances), ADJ-NOUN (2816; 3% instances), VERB-PRON (1793; 2% instances), NOUN-PRON (1428; 2% instances), NUM-SYM (958; 1% instances), NOUN-SYM (916; 1% instances), PROPN-NOUN (888; 1% instances), VERB-PROPN (632; 1% instances), PROPN-SYM (561; 1% instances), ADV-NOUN (531; 1% instances), PROPN-PROPN (495; 1% instances), SYM-NOUN (389; 0% instances), NUM-NOUN (376; 0% instances), ADJ-PRON (279; 0% instances), PRON-NOUN (170; 0% instances), ADJ-PROPN (110; 0% instances), PRON-PRON (102; 0% instances), ADV-PRON (67; 0% instances), NUM-PRON (48; 0% instances), SYM-PRON (39; 0% instances), SYM-PROPN (30; 0% instances), SYM-SYM (29; 0% instances), CONJ-NOUN (11; 0% instances), NOUN-ADP (11; 0% instances), ADV-PROPN (10; 0% instances), ADP-NOUN (8; 0% instances), NOUN-CONJ (7; 0% instances), PRON-PROPN (7; 0% instances), NUM-PROPN (6; 0% instances), PRON-SYM (6; 0% instances), PROPN-PART (4; 0% instances), DET-NOUN (3; 0% instances), NOUN-ADJ (3; 0% instances), SCONJ-NOUN (3; 0% instances), VERB-SYM (3; 0% instances), ADJ-ADP (2; 0% instances), ADJ-SYM (2; 0% instances), ADP-PRON (2; 0% instances), ADV-CONJ (2; 0% instances), AUX-PRON (2; 0% instances), NOUN-DET (2; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (2; 0% instances), NOUN-PART (2; 0% instances), NOUN-VERB (2; 0% instances), PART-NOUN (2; 0% instances), ADJ-SCONJ (1; 0% instances), ADJ-VERB (1; 0% instances), ADP-PROPN (1; 0% instances), ADV-SYM (1; 0% instances), CONJ-PROPN (1; 0% instances), DET-PRON (1; 0% instances), INTJ-NOUN (1; 0% instances), NOUN-INTJ (1; 0% instances), NOUN-SCONJ (1; 0% instances), NUM-ADP (1; 0% instances), NUM-CONJ (1; 0% instances), PRON-ADJ (1; 0% instances), PROPN-ADP (1; 0% instances), PROPN-PRON (1; 0% instances), PUNCT-SYM (1; 0% instances), SYM-ADP (1; 0% instances), SYM-PART (1; 0% instances), VERB-ADP (1; 0% instances).


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)

This relation is universal.

6790 nodes (19%) are attached to their parents as nmod.

5873 instances of nmod (86%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 3.29720176730486.

The following 33 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nmod: NOUN-NOUN (4159; 61% instances), VERB-NOUN (1079; 16% instances), NOUN-X (615; 9% instances), ADJ-NOUN (465; 7% instances), X-NOUN (76; 1% instances), VERB-X (71; 1% instances), NOUN-PRON (60; 1% instances), VERB-PRON (58; 1% instances), ADV-NOUN (31; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (27; 0% instances), NUM-X (26; 0% instances), NUM-NOUN (23; 0% instances), VERB-NUM (23; 0% instances), NUM-SYM (13; 0% instances), ADJ-PRON (11; 0% instances), ADJ-X (10; 0% instances), PRON-NOUN (8; 0% instances), SYM-NOUN (8; 0% instances), X-X (5; 0% instances), NOUN-CONJ (4; 0% instances), NOUN-ADP (3; 0% instances), ADP-NOUN (2; 0% instances), VERB-ADJ (2; 0% instances), VERB-VERB (2; 0% instances), ADP-X (1; 0% instances), ADV-PRON (1; 0% instances), ADV-X (1; 0% instances), DET-NOUN (1; 0% instances), NOUN-PART (1; 0% instances), NOUN-SYM (1; 0% instances), PRON-PRON (1; 0% instances), SCONJ-NOUN (1; 0% instances), X-PRON (1; 0% instances).


nmod in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]
BESbswyBESbswyBESbswyBESbswy