nmod: nominal modifier
The nmod relation is used for nominal dependents of another noun or noun phrase and functionally corresponds to an attribute, or genitive (possessive) complement. In Cantonese, it is expressed with the 嘅 ge3 particle, as in (1), between the preceding complement and the following head noun. The particle depends on the complement as a case dependent.
# visual-style 3 1 nmod color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 你 _ PRON _ _ 3 nmod _ 2SG
2 嘅 _ PART _ _ 1 case _ GEN
3 電話 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ phone
1 "your _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 phone" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Sometimes the particle may be omitted, specifically when the possessor is a pronoun, and often (but not exclusively) when the possessed object is a kinship term, as in (2).
# visual-style 2 1 nmod color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
1 你 _ PRON _ _ 2 nmod _ 2SG
2 公公 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ grandfather
1 "your _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 grandfather" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
Attributive or associative relations between two nouns, or a pronoun and a noun, may also be expressed with the particle 的 de.
# visual-style 3 1 nmod color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 目前 _ NOUN _ _ 3 nmod _ now
2 嘅 _ PART _ _ 1 case _ GEN
3 情況 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ situation
1 "current _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 situation" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
# visual-style 3 1 nmod color:blue
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
1 咁樣 _ PRON _ _ 3 nmod _ such
2 嘅 _ PART _ _ 1 case _ GEN
3 做法 _ NOUN _ _ 0 root _ way-of-doing
1 "such _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
2 a _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
3 way _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
4 of _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
5 doing" _ _ _ _ 0 _ _ _
But if a noun modifies another noun without the particle 嘅 ge3, and the relationship is not a possessive one, it is treated as a noun-noun compound (see compound).
nmod in other languages: [bej] [bg] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gd] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [xcl] [yue] [zh]