mark

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`mark`: marker

A marker (mark) is the subordinating conjunction in a non-complement subordinate clause.



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
Kun tulin kotiin , jätin avaimen pöydälle . \n When I_came home , I_left key on_table .
mark(tulin-2, Kun-1)
nmod(tulin-2, kotiin-3)
punct(tulin-2, ,-4)
advcl(jätin-5, tulin-2)
obj(jätin-5, avaimen-6)
nmod(jätin-5, pöydälle-7)
punct(jätin-5, .-8)
{
    "text": "Kun tulin kotiin , jätin avaimen pöydälle . \n When I_came home , I_left key on_table . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 17, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 25, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 33, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 42, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 46, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 51, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 58, 62 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 63, 64 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T14", "token", [ [ 65, 71 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T15", "token", [ [ 72, 75 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T16", "token", [ [ 76, 84 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T17", "token", [ [ 85, 86 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "advcl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R5", "obj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R6", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R7", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

The dependency relation mark is also used to identify the complementizer appearing in most clausal complements, where the head of the dependency is the main verb of the subordinate clause. The only complementizer in Finnish is että “that”. (These relations are annotated complm in TDT.)



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
Sanoin , että hän voi tulla . \n I_said , that he can come .
ccomp(Sanoin-1, tulla-6)
punct(tulla-6, ,-2)
mark(tulla-6, että-3)
nsubj(tulla-6, hän-4)
aux(tulla-6, voi-5)
punct(Sanoin-1, .-7)
{
    "text": "Sanoin , että hän voi tulla . \n I_said , that he can come . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 22, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 28, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 32, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 39, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 41, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 46, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 49, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T14", "token", [ [ 53, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T15", "token", [ [ 58, 59 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "ccomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R5", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

The comparative conjunction (most commonly kuin, which corresponds roughly to “than” and “as” in English) is marked with the dependency type mark. The head of the dependency is the element being compared.



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
enemmän kuin haluaisin \n more than I_would_want
advcl(enemmän-1, haluaisin-3)
mark(haluaisin-3, kuin-2)
{
    "text": "enemmän kuin haluaisin \n more than I_would_want ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 25, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 30, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 35, 47 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "advcl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

The main subordinating conjunctions are the following:

että “that”
jotta “so that”
koska “because”
kun “when”
jos “if”
vaikka “even though”
kunnes “until”
kuin “as, than”

Note that the conjunction kuin can also serve as an adverb modifier advmod.

In addition to the basic subordinating conjunctions, the following words or word combinations can be considered subordinating conjunctions. Not all of these expressions have a direct counterpart in English, and thus the translations are approximate.

ennenkuin “before”
jahka “as soon as”
jos kohta “even if”
kun taas “whereas”
kuten “like, as”
mikäli “if”
mitä nyt “only”
muuten “otherwise”
niin “so”
niinkuin/niinku “like” (standard and colloquial version)
paitsi “except”
paitsi että “except that”
paitsi jos “except if”
sikäli kuin “if”
sillä “because”
sitten kun “then when”
vähän kuin “a bit like”

mark in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

mark: marker

`mark`: marker