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PRON: pronoun

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for PRON.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Latin)

There are 64 PRON lemmas (1%), 219 PRON types (2%) and 4036 PRON tokens (9%). Out of 12 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 6 in number of lemmas, 5 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: qui1, is1, ille1, ego1, hic1, tu1, sui1, quis1, ipse1, nos1

The 10 most frequent PRON types: qui, quae, me, mihi, ego, se, te, quod, eius, haec

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: qui1 (PRON 873, ADV 4, X 2, SCONJ 1, ADJ 1), is1 (PRON 417, ADJ 3), ille1 (PRON 391, ADV 1), ego1 (PRON 378, X 1), hic1 (PRON 363, ADV 21, ADJ 1), quis1 (PRON 145, ADV 9), ipse1 (PRON 116, ADJ 1), quis2 (PRON 77, ADV 1), hic (PRON 67, ADV 6), iste1 (PRON 42, ADJ 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: qui (PRON 280, ADV 1, X 1, SCONJ 1), quae (PRON 170, X 1), mihi (PRON 127, X 1), quod (PRON 99, SCONJ 71, CONJ 12), haec (PRON 78, ADJ 1), hoc (PRON 77, ADV 2), quid (PRON 78, ADV 7), illa (PRON 79, ADV 1), ea (PRON 63, ADJ 1), eum (PRON 47, NOUN 1)

• qui
  • PRON 280: Ergo aut tace aut meliorem noli molestare , qui te natum non putat
  • ADV 1: sin quia levius est , qui convenit in minore negotio legem timere , quon eam in maiore neglexeris
  • X 1: et dicit mihi scribe beati qui ad cenam nuptiarum agni vocati sunt et dicit mihi haec verba vera Dei sunt
  • SCONJ 1: praeterea se missum a M . Crasso , qui Catilinae nuntiaret , ne eum Lentulus et Cethegus que alii ex coniuratione deprehensi terrerent , que eo magis properaret ad urbem adcedere , quo et ceterorum animos reficeret et illi facilius e periculo eriperentur
• quae
  • PRON 170: Duo tamen vitia habet , quae si non haberet , esset omnium numerum
  • X 1: et ceteri homines qui non sunt occisi in his plagis que ne paenitentiam egerunt de operibus manuum suarum ut non adorarent daemonia et simulacra aurea et argentea et aerea et lapidea et lignea quae que ne videre possunt que ne audire que ne ambulare
• mihi
  • PRON 127: quid enim mihi aufert , qui ridet
  • X 1: Et cocum quidem potentiae admonitum in culinam obsonium duxit , Trimalchio autem mihi ad nos vultu respexit et Vinum inquit si non placet , mutabo
• quod
  • PRON 99: quod semel destinavi , clavo tabulari fixum est
  • SCONJ 71: Ego , quod me sic vides , propter artificium meum diis gratias ago
  • CONJ 12: quod ego si verbo adsequi possem , istos ipsos eicerem qui haec loquuntur
• haec
  • PRON 78: Non mehercules mi haec iactura gusti fuit , tanquam nihil facti
  • ADJ 1: et dixit qui sedebat in throno ecce nova facio omnia et dicit scribe quia haec verba fidelissima sunt et vera
• hoc
  • PRON 77: iam scies hoc ferrum fidem habere
  • ADV 2: hoc enim nemo parentat
• quid
  • PRON 78: quid enim mihi aufert , qui ridet
  • ADV 7: nescio quid nunc taces c ne muttis
• illa
  • PRON 79: Si quid ab illa petii , nunquam mihi negatum
  • ADV 1: Multi illam petiere , illa aversata petentes inpatiens que expers viri nemora avia lustrat , c ne quid Hymen , quid Amor , quid sint conubia curat
• ea
  • PRON 63: Hic mihi dixit etiam ea , quae oblitus eram
  • ADJ 1: que is postea permotus oratione C . Caesaris pedibus in sententiam Ti . Neronis iturum se dixit , quod de ea re praesidiis additis referundum censuerat
• eum
  • PRON 47: His datis mandatis eum a se dimittit
  • NOUN 1: eum muniunt undique parietes atque insuper camera lapideis fornicibus iuncta

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 3.421875 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.829408).

The 1st highest number of forms (21) was observed with the lemma “hic1”: abhac, hac, hae, haec, haecine, hanc, has, hi, hic, hii, his, hisce, hoc, horum, hos, hosce, huic, huius, huiusce, hunc, hune

The 2nd highest number of forms (17) was observed with the lemma “qui1”: cui, cuius, qua, quae, quam, quarum, quas, quem, qui, quibus, quis, quo, quod, quoi, quoius, quorum, quos

The 3rd highest number of forms (16) was observed with the lemma “ille1”: Olli, ilium, illa, illae, illam, illarum, illas, ille, illi, illis, illius, illo, illorum, illos, illud, illum

PRON occurs with 3 features: Case (4029; 100% instances), Number (4029; 100% instances), Gender (4028; 100% instances)

PRON occurs with 11 feature-value pairs: Case=Abl, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Nom, Case=Voc, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing

PRON occurs with 34 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing (632 tokens). Examples: qui, ego, ille, ipse, quis, tu, hic, quisque, is, quidam

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 14 different relations: nsubj (1084; 27% instances), dobj (1055; 26% instances), amod (989; 25% instances), nmod (445; 11% instances), nsubjpass (250; 6% instances), iobj (141; 3% instances), conj (37; 1% instances), root (12; 0% instances), advmod (7; 0% instances), mark (5; 0% instances), xcomp (5; 0% instances), vocative (3; 0% instances), cc (2; 0% instances), advcl (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: VERB (2772; 69% instances), NOUN (1020; 25% instances), ADJ (151; 4% instances), PRON (53; 1% instances), ROOT (12; 0% instances), ADV (10; 0% instances), PUNCT (6; 0% instances), SCONJ (4; 0% instances), CONJ (3; 0% instances), X (3; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances)

3210 (80%) PRON nodes are leaves.

695 (17%) PRON nodes have one child.

86 (2%) PRON nodes have two children.

45 (1%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 7.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 18 different relations: case (304; 29% instances), amod (205; 20% instances), acl (179; 17% instances), punct (69; 7% instances), advmod (61; 6% instances), conj (49; 5% instances), nmod (48; 5% instances), cc (36; 3% instances), nsubj (28; 3% instances), cop (17; 2% instances), xcomp (14; 1% instances), advcl (6; 1% instances), dobj (4; 0% instances), mark (4; 0% instances), neg (4; 0% instances), appos (2; 0% instances), ccomp (1; 0% instances), vocative (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: ADP (303; 29% instances), VERB (242; 23% instances), ADJ (146; 14% instances), NOUN (115; 11% instances), PUNCT (69; 7% instances), CONJ (53; 5% instances), PRON (53; 5% instances), ADV (42; 4% instances), SCONJ (4; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances), X (2; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Latin-ITT)

There are 47 PRON lemmas (1%), 314 PRON types (3%) and 24730 PRON tokens (10%). Out of 14 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 6 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: qui, hic, is, ipse, alius, sui, aliqui, aliquis, ille, quidam

The 10 most frequent PRON types: quae, quod, hoc, se, aliquid, eius, qui, quo, ipsum, aliqua

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: qui (PRON 6622, SCONJ 7), hic (PRON 2746, ADV 17), quod (SCONJ 4241, PRON 2, X 2, ADV 1, ADP 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: quod (SCONJ 4248, PRON 2005, X 7, ADV 1, ADP 1), quo (PRON 452, ADV 3), quam (SCONJ 395, PRON 349, CONJ 16, ADP 1, X 1), sui (PRON 85, DET 63), hic (PRON 52, ADV 17), tantum (ADV 302, PRON 5), quantum (ADV 280, PRON 4, SCONJ 1), mei (DET 3, PRON 1)

• quod
  • SCONJ 4248: quod felicitas humana non consistit in delectationibus carnalibus .
  • PRON 2005: finis enim est melior eo quod est ad finem .
  • X 7: quod distinctio rerum non est a casu .
  • ADV 1: respondeo dicendum quod illud quo intellectus intelligit , comparatur ad intellectum intelligentem ut forma eius , quia forma est quo agens agit .
  • ADP 1: sed quia nihil potest in alterum transformari nisi secundum quod a sua forma quodammodo recedit , quia unius una est forma , ideo hanc divisionem penetrationis praecedit alia divisio , qua amans a seipso separatur in amatum tendens ;
• quo
  • PRON 452: melius enim est quo nullus male uti potest .
  • ADV 3: et primus modus est quo ad omnes in formis accidentalibus ;
• quam
  • SCONJ 395: voluntas est superior quam appetitus sensitivus :
  • PRON 349: est enim huiusmodi cognitio per quam res cognoscitur in potentia tantum ;
  • CONJ 16: ostensum est enim supra quod tam ens actu , quam ens in potentia , est bonum .
  • ADP 1: magis igitur addit ad bonitatem universi multitudo specierum quam multitudo individuorum in una specie .
  • X 1: quod tam de corpore circulari quam de recto probatur in i caeli et mundi .
• sui
  • PRON 85: quod igitur non est totus actus , non toto se agit , sed aliquo sui .
  • DET 63: damascenus etiam , in secundo sui libri , dicit :
• hic
  • PRON 52: unde non dicimus quod hic ignis , aut ignis , sit sua forma .
  • ADV 17: sed quaeritur quomodo hic dicatur forma idoli non esse facta per verbum .
• tantum
  • ADV 302: stultum enim esset propter se tantum bellare .
  • PRON 5: nam unumquodque , quantum habet de esse , tantum habet de cognoscibilitate .
• quantum
  • ADV 280: multa animalia , quantum ad bona corporis , sunt homine potiora :
  • PRON 4: omne quantum est aliquo modo in potentia :
  • SCONJ 1: non enim per hujusmodi formas cognoscet in quantum res aliquid agant in animam , vel anima in res , ut sic medium corporale , per quod actio fiat , cognitionem impedire possit ;
• mei
  • DET 3: hic est calix sanguinis mei , ut forma utriusque consecrationis sit consimilis .
  • PRON 1: a deo abscondar , et ex summo quis mei memorabitur ?

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 6.680851 (the average of all parts of speech is 3.609102).

The 1st highest number of forms (20) was observed with the lemma “quidam”: cuiusdam, cujusdam, quadam, quaedam, quamdam, quandam, quarundam, quasdam, quedam, quemdam, quendam, quibusdam, quid, quidam, quiddam, quodam, quoddam, quorumdam, quorundam, quosdam

The 2nd highest number of forms (18) was observed with the lemma “aliqui”: alicui, alicuius, alicujus, aliqua, aliquae, aliquam, aliquarum, aliquas, aliquatenus, aliquem, aliqui, aliquibus, aliquid, aliquis, aliquo, aliquod, aliquorum, aliquos

The 3rd highest number of forms (18) was observed with the lemma “qui”: cui, cuius, cujus, qua, quae, quam, quarum, quas, quatenus, quem, qui, quibus, quid, quis, quo, quod, quorum, quos

PRON occurs with 6 features: PronType (24725; 100% instances), Case (24716; 100% instances), Number (24716; 100% instances), Gender (24537; 99% instances), Degree (24394; 99% instances), Reflex (1721; 7% instances)

PRON occurs with 22 feature-value pairs: Case=Abl, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Degree=Pos, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, PronType=Dem, PronType=Dem,Prs, PronType=Ind, PronType=Ind,Int, PronType=Ind,Rel, PronType=Int,Rel, PronType=Neg, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rel, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 226 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel (1712 tokens). Examples: quod, quid, qui

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 22 different relations: nmod (12302; 50% instances), nsubj (5526; 22% instances), dobj (3343; 14% instances), nsubjpass (1563; 6% instances), conj (404; 2% instances), dep (329; 1% instances), root (278; 1% instances), iobj (273; 1% instances), la-dep/auxpass:reflex (225; 1% instances), acl (132; 1% instances), advcl (101; 0% instances), csubj (64; 0% instances), xcomp (54; 0% instances), cc (37; 0% instances), ccomp (36; 0% instances), parataxis (22; 0% instances), la-dep/advmod:emph (15; 0% instances), mark (8; 0% instances), cop (6; 0% instances), csubjpass (6; 0% instances), appos (4; 0% instances), punct (2; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: VERB (12699; 51% instances), NOUN (8853; 36% instances), ADJ (1602; 6% instances), PRON (705; 3% instances), ROOT (278; 1% instances), CONJ (235; 1% instances), NUM (158; 1% instances), ADV (142; 1% instances), DET (31; 0% instances), PUNCT (13; 0% instances), ADP (9; 0% instances), X (5; 0% instances)

16833 (68%) PRON nodes are leaves.

5372 (22%) PRON nodes have one child.

1408 (6%) PRON nodes have two children.

1117 (5%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 13.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 25 different relations: case (4740; 37% instances), acl (2457; 19% instances), punct (1067; 8% instances), nmod (819; 6% instances), cop (658; 5% instances), cc (552; 4% instances), nsubj (448; 3% instances), amod (365; 3% instances), mark (315; 2% instances), conj (269; 2% instances), la-dep/advmod:emph (256; 2% instances), dep (210; 2% instances), neg (161; 1% instances), advcl (125; 1% instances), dobj (105; 1% instances), xcomp (86; 1% instances), csubj (81; 1% instances), advmod (69; 1% instances), nummod (45; 0% instances), appos (42; 0% instances), ccomp (21; 0% instances), parataxis (15; 0% instances), nsubjpass (9; 0% instances), csubjpass (2; 0% instances), auxpass (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: ADP (4754; 37% instances), VERB (2928; 23% instances), NOUN (1346; 10% instances), PUNCT (1067; 8% instances), PRON (705; 5% instances), ADV (597; 5% instances), ADJ (589; 5% instances), CONJ (411; 3% instances), SCONJ (326; 3% instances), DET (122; 1% instances), NUM (65; 1% instances), X (7; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Latin-PROIEL)

There are 44 PRON lemmas (1%), 283 PRON types (1%) and 21642 PRON tokens (13%). Out of 13 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 8 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 3 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: qui, is, ego, omnis, tu, suus, se, quis, vos, meus

The 10 most frequent PRON types: qui, me, eum, quae, te, se, eius, quod, quid, ego

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: qui (PRON 4578, ADV 1), is (PRON 3798, ADJ 582), omnis (PRON 1356, ADJ 9), tu (PRON 1353, X 1), tuus (PRON 629, ADJ 2), ipse (ADJ 461, PRON 347, DET 75), alius (PRON 339, ADJ 3), nullus (PRON 140, ADJ 2), uter (NOUN 12, PRON 3)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: qui (PRON 1780, ADV 1), eum (PRON 873, ADJ 28), te (PRON 698, ADV 2), eius (PRON 636, ADJ 84), quod (PRON 550, SCONJ 474, ADV 19), ei (PRON 440, ADJ 10), omnes (PRON 358, ADJ 1), eos (PRON 358, ADJ 7), eis (PRON 328, ADJ 1), tu (PRON 323, X 1)

• qui
  • PRON 1780: ex his qui arma ferre possent ad milia nonaginta.duo
  • ADV 1: qui potui non videre cum per emporium Puteolanorum iter facerem
• eum
  • PRON 873: Cognito Caesaris adventu Ariovistus legatos ad eum mittit
  • ADJ 28: eum librum Lucio Cossinio dedi
• te
  • PRON 698: de litterarum missione sine causa abs te accusor
  • ADV 2: hic tu me accusas quod me adflictem cum ita sim adflictus ut nemo umquam quod tu te intellegis
• eius
  • PRON 636: edicta eius et contiones describunt et legunt
  • ADJ 84: hos expectari equites atque eius rei causa moram interponi arbitrabatur
• quod
  • PRON 550: Tum demum Liscus oratione Caesaris adductus quod antea tacuerat proponit
  • SCONJ 474: accedit eo quod mihi non ut quisque in Epirum proficiscitur
  • ADV 19: quod si opus esset omnes in abrogando uterentur
• ei
  • PRON 440: si se in turba ei iam obtulerit occisum iri ab ipso Milone video
  • ADJ 10: Ob eas causas ei munitioni quam fecerat Titum Labienum legatum praeficit
• omnes
  • PRON 358: Ea re impetrata sese omnes flentes Caesari ad pedes proiecerunt
  • ADJ 1: quae si ut putantur gratuita fuerint plus unus Cato potuerit quam omnes leges omnes que iudices
• eos
  • PRON 358: per eos ne causam diceret se eripuit
  • ADJ 7: vel sibi agros attribuant vel patiantur eos tenere quos armis possederint
• eis
  • PRON 328: ecce discipuli tui faciunt quod non licet eis facere sabbatis
  • ADJ 1: fuit enim mihi commodum quod in eis orationibus quae Philippicae nominantur enituerat civis ille tuus Demosthenes et quod se ab hoc refractariolo iudiciali dicendi genere abiunxerat ut σεμνότερός τις et πολιτικώτερος videretur curare ut meae quoque essent orationes quae consulares nominarentur
• tu
  • PRON 323: nam Catonem nostrum non tu amas plus quam ego
  • X 1: In hodie hic hortus aliter non appellatur greco sermone nisi copos tu agiu Iohanni id est quod uos dicitis Latine hortus sancti Iohannis

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 6.431818 (the average of all parts of speech is 3.304580).

The 1st highest number of forms (18) was observed with the lemma “is”: ea, eae, eam, earum, earundem, eas, ei, eis, eius, eo, eorum, eos, eum, hi, id, ii, iis, is

The 2nd highest number of forms (17) was observed with the lemma “qui”: cui, cuius, qua, quae, quam, quarum, quas, que, quem, qui, quibus, quo, quod, quoi, quoius, quorum, quos

The 3rd highest number of forms (16) was observed with the lemma “vester”: uestra, uestrae, uestram, uestras, vester, vestra, vestrae, vestram, vestrarum, vestras, vestri, vestris, vestro, vestrorum, vestros, vestrum

PRON occurs with 7 features: Case (21626; 100% instances), Number (21626; 100% instances), Gender (20923; 97% instances), PronType (18487; 85% instances), Person (13013; 60% instances), Poss (2952; 14% instances), Reflex (1801; 8% instances)

PRON occurs with 23 feature-value pairs: Case=Abl, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Nom, Case=Voc, Gender=Fem, Gender=Fem,Masc, Gender=Fem,Neut, Gender=Masc, Gender=Masc,Neut, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Poss=Yes, PronType=Int, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rcp, PronType=Rel, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 372 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel (1082 tokens). Examples: qui, quicumque, quisquis, qualis, quantus, quotus, uter

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 20 different relations: nmod (7248; 33% instances), nsubj (4973; 23% instances), dobj (3955; 18% instances), iobj (3534; 16% instances), nsubjpass (1148; 5% instances), root (212; 1% instances), conj (191; 1% instances), remnant (135; 1% instances), ccomp (84; 0% instances), appos (61; 0% instances), advcl (28; 0% instances), xcomp (18; 0% instances), dep (17; 0% instances), det (11; 0% instances), csubjpass (8; 0% instances), mwe (7; 0% instances), parataxis (5; 0% instances), aux (3; 0% instances), vocative (3; 0% instances), advmod (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: VERB (13561; 63% instances), NOUN (5834; 27% instances), ADJ (835; 4% instances), PRON (498; 2% instances), PROPN (347; 2% instances), ROOT (212; 1% instances), ADV (190; 1% instances), NUM (44; 0% instances), X (43; 0% instances), SCONJ (32; 0% instances), INTJ (23; 0% instances), CONJ (12; 0% instances), ADP (11; 0% instances)

17344 (80%) PRON nodes are leaves.

3401 (16%) PRON nodes have one child.

545 (3%) PRON nodes have two children.

352 (2%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 10.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 23 different relations: case (2424; 42% instances), acl (664; 11% instances), nmod (653; 11% instances), cop (328; 6% instances), cc (290; 5% instances), nsubj (280; 5% instances), conj (264; 5% instances), discourse (190; 3% instances), appos (149; 3% instances), advmod (138; 2% instances), amod (99; 2% instances), remnant (90; 2% instances), neg (64; 1% instances), mark (40; 1% instances), advcl (37; 1% instances), vocative (25; 0% instances), iobj (19; 0% instances), dobj (15; 0% instances), ccomp (13; 0% instances), nummod (8; 0% instances), parataxis (4; 0% instances), aux (3; 0% instances), det (2; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: ADP (2427; 42% instances), VERB (1052; 18% instances), PRON (498; 9% instances), NOUN (489; 8% instances), ADV (468; 8% instances), ADJ (402; 7% instances), CONJ (290; 5% instances), PROPN (89; 2% instances), SCONJ (41; 1% instances), NUM (30; 1% instances), X (6; 0% instances), INTJ (5; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances)

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PRON in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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