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case: case marking

The case relation is used for most prepositions in Irish. Prepositions are treated as dependents of the noun they introduce in an “extended nominal projection”. Thus, contrary to SD, UD abandons treating a preposition as a mediator between a modified word and its object. The case relation aims at providing a uniform analysis of prepositions and case in morphologically rich languages.

See nmod:pred for labelling of prepositional pronouns, and xcomp:pred for prepositional predicates.

Prepositions have many functions in Irish.

Examples

adjuncts

PPs can precede or follow the verb they modify, or follow the noun they modify.

(i) Sa bhliain sin, bhuaigh siad an Chorn `In that year, they won the Cup’

(ii) Bhuaigh siad an Chorn sa bhliain sin `They won the Cup in that year’

(iii) An teach sa chathair `The house in the city’

progressive aspectuals

The preposition ag is used with verbal nouns to form progressive aspectual phrases in Irish.

Tá sí ag rith ‘She is running’

ownership/ state

Prepositions are also used in phrasal constructions to denote ownership or a state of being.

Tá airgead ag na daoine ‘The people have money’ (lit. Money is at the people)

Tá brón ar an gcuairteoir `The visitor is sorry’ (lit. sorrow is on the visitor)

obliques

Oblique arguments are also labelled case.

Tá muintir Chorcaí an-mhíshásta le Fianna Fáil ‘The people of Cork are very unhappy with Fianna Fáil’


Treebank Statistics (UD_Irish)

This relation is universal. There are 1 language-specific subtypes of case: case:voc.

2923 nodes (12%) are attached to their parents as case.

2916 instances of case (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.32671912418748.

The following 25 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: NOUN-ADP (2577; 88% instances), PROPN-ADP (186; 6% instances), PRON-ADP (40; 1% instances), X-ADP (26; 1% instances), NUM-ADP (24; 1% instances), VERB-ADP (22; 1% instances), ADJ-ADP (10; 0% instances), NOUN-PART (7; 0% instances), ADP-ADP (6; 0% instances), CONJ-ADP (4; 0% instances), NOUN-X (3; 0% instances), VERB-PART (3; 0% instances), NOUN-ADV (2; 0% instances), NOUN-SCONJ (2; 0% instances), ADV-ADP (1; 0% instances), DET-ADP (1; 0% instances), NOUN-NOUN (1; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (1; 0% instances), NOUN-PROPN (1; 0% instances), NOUN-VERB (1; 0% instances), PART-ADP (1; 0% instances), PRON-X (1; 0% instances), PUNCT-ADP (1; 0% instances), SCONJ-ADP (1; 0% instances), VERB-SCONJ (1; 0% instances).


case in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]
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