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case: case marking

case marks mostly prepositions in prepositional phrases. Prepositions are considered dependents of the noun whose case value they govern. The case relation aims at providing a uniform analysis of prepositions and case in morphologically rich languages.

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Sie stehen an der Straße . \n They stand on the street .
case(Straße, an)
{
    "text": "Sie stehen an der Straße . \n They stand on the street . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 25, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 29, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 34, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 40, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 43, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 47, 53 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 54, 55 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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Sie warten auf den Bus . \n They wait for the bus .
case(Bus, auf)
{
    "text": "Sie warten auf den Bus . \n They wait for the bus . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 23, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 27, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 32, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 37, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 41, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 45, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 49, 50 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

case is also used to mark the comparative marker in comparative constructions that involve noun phrases, prepositional phrases, or adjectives.

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Der Bus ist schneller als die Straßenbahn . \n The bus is faster than the tram .
case(Straßenbahn, als)
{
    "text": "Der Bus ist schneller als die Straßenbahn . \n The bus is faster than the tram . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 22, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 26, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 30, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 42, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 46, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 50, 53 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 54, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 57, 63 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T14", "token", [ [ 64, 68 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T15", "token", [ [ 69, 72 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T16", "token", [ [ 73, 77 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T17", "token", [ [ 78, 79 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

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Das sieht alles andere als einfach aus . \n This looks anything but simple .
case(einfach, als)
{
    "text": "Das sieht alles andere als einfach aus . \n This looks anything but simple . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 23, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 27, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 35, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T8", "token", [ [ 39, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T10", "token", [ [ 43, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T11", "token", [ [ 48, 53 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T12", "token", [ [ 54, 62 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T13", "token", [ [ 63, 66 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T14", "token", [ [ 67, 73 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T15", "token", [ [ 74, 75 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_German)

This relation is universal.

31693 nodes (11%) are attached to their parents as case.

31216 instances of case (98%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 2.05581674186729.

The following 31 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: NOUN-ADP (21079; 67% instances), PROPN-ADP (6750; 21% instances), NUM-ADP (1245; 4% instances), PRON-ADP (1001; 3% instances), PROPN-PROPN (733; 2% instances), VERB-ADP (324; 1% instances), ADJ-ADP (188; 1% instances), ADV-ADP (171; 1% instances), NOUN-CONJ (55; 0% instances), PROPN-PUNCT (20; 0% instances), X-ADP (18; 0% instances), ADP-ADP (16; 0% instances), PROPN-CONJ (13; 0% instances), DET-ADP (12; 0% instances), X-X (12; 0% instances), PRON-CONJ (10; 0% instances), ADJ-CONJ (7; 0% instances), ADV-CONJ (7; 0% instances), AUX-ADP (6; 0% instances), CONJ-ADP (5; 0% instances), PROPN-NOUN (4; 0% instances), PART-ADP (3; 0% instances), PROPN-PART (3; 0% instances), NOUN-PROPN (2; 0% instances), NOUN-PUNCT (2; 0% instances), VERB-CONJ (2; 0% instances), ADV-PRON (1; 0% instances), NOUN-PART (1; 0% instances), NOUN-X (1; 0% instances), NUM-CONJ (1; 0% instances), X-PROPN (1; 0% instances).

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# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 6 case	color:blue
1	Es	_	PRON	_	_	5	nsubj	_	_
2	war	_	VERB	_	_	5	cop	_	_
3	für	_	ADP	_	_	4	case	_	_
4	mich	_	PRON	_	_	5	nmod	_	_
5	Ausgangspunkt	_	NOUN	_	_	0	root	_	_
6	zu	_	ADP	_	_	8	case	_	_
7	einer	_	DET	_	_	8	det	_	_
8	Parfümkreation	_	NOUN	_	_	5	nmod	_	_
9	.	_	PUNCT	_	_	5	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "PRON", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "VERB", [ [ 3, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "ADP", [ [ 7, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "PRON", [ [ 11, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "NOUN", [ [ 16, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "ADP", [ [ 30, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "DET", [ [ 33, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "NOUN", [ [ 39, 53 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T9", "PUNCT", [ [ 54, 55 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R0", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R3", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R4", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R5", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R6", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R7", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R8", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "embedded-5-S1-T6", "case" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ],
    "text": "Es war für mich Ausgangspunkt zu einer Parfümkreation .",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 7 case	color:blue
1	Für	_	ADP	_	_	2	case	_	_
2	mich	_	PRON	_	_	6	nmod	_	_
3	die	_	DET	_	_	6	det	_	_
4	Anwaltskanzlei	_	NOUN	_	_	6	cop	_	_
5	Nummer	_	NOUN	_	_	6	compound	_	_
6	EINS	_	NOUN	_	_	0	root	_	_
7	in	_	ADP	_	_	8	case	_	_
8	Dresden	_	PROPN	_	_	6	nmod	_	_
9	.	_	PUNCT	_	_	6	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "ADP", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "PRON", [ [ 4, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "DET", [ [ 9, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "NOUN", [ [ 13, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "NOUN", [ [ 28, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "NOUN", [ [ 35, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "ADP", [ [ 40, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T8", "PROPN", [ [ 43, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T9", "PUNCT", [ [ 51, 52 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R0", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R1", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R2", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R3", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R4", "compound", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R5", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R6", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R7", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R8", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T8", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T8", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T8", "embedded-6-S1-T7", "case" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ],
    "text": "Für mich die Anwaltskanzlei Nummer EINS in Dresden .",
    "error": false
}

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 case	color:blue
1	Seit	_	ADP	_	_	2	case	_	_
2	1964	_	NUM	_	_	11	nmod	_	_
3	ist	_	VERB	_	_	11	cop	_	_
4	mein	_	PRON	_	_	5	det	_	_
5	Mann	_	NOUN	_	_	11	nsubj	_	_
6	rund	_	ADV	_	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	1	_	NUM	_	_	8	nummod	_	_
8	mal	_	ADV	_	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	pro	_	ADP	_	_	10	case	_	_
10	Jahr	_	NOUN	_	_	8	nmod	_	_
11	Gast	_	NOUN	_	_	0	root	_	_
12	in	_	ADP	_	_	14	case	_	_
13	diesem	_	PRON	_	_	14	det	_	_
14	Hotel	_	NOUN	_	_	11	nmod	_	_
15	.	_	PUNCT	_	_	11	punct	_	_

---

case in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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