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case: case marking

The case relation is used for any preposition in French. Prepositions are treated as dependents of the noun they attach to or introduce in an “extended nominal projection”. Thus, UD does not treat a preposition as a mediator between a modified word and its object. The case relation aims at providing a uniform analysis of prepositions and case in morphologically rich languages.

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Taxation individuelle de rentrée salariale \n Individual taxation of employment income
case(rentrée, de)
{
    "text": "Taxation individuelle de rentrée salariale \n Individual taxation of employment income ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 9, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 22, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 25, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 33, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 45, 55 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 56, 64 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 65, 67 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 68, 78 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 79, 85 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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En attendant , asseyez-vous ici \n While waiting, seat down here
case(attendant, En)
{
    "text": "En attendant , asseyez-vous ici \n While waiting, seat down here ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 28, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 34, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 40, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 49, 53 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 54, 58 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 59, 63 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_French)

This relation is universal.

59052 nodes (15%) are attached to their parents as case.

58644 instances of case (99%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.70095847727427.

The following 72 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: NOUN-ADP (39621; 67% instances), PROPN-ADP (13370; 23% instances), NUM-ADP (2715; 5% instances), PRON-ADP (941; 2% instances), VERB-ADP (652; 1% instances), ADV-ADP (368; 1% instances), ADJ-ADP (241; 0% instances), SYM-ADP (187; 0% instances), NOUN-NOUN (173; 0% instances), X-ADP (146; 0% instances), NOUN-ADV (116; 0% instances), ADP-NOUN (79; 0% instances), PROPN-PROPN (74; 0% instances), VERB-INTJ (52; 0% instances), VERB-PRON (33; 0% instances), ADP-ADP (25; 0% instances), NOUN-PRON (23; 0% instances), PROPN-NOUN (23; 0% instances), PROPN-SCONJ (21; 0% instances), ADP-PROPN (18; 0% instances), PROPN-PART (18; 0% instances), PROPN-ADV (15; 0% instances), NOUN-VERB (14; 0% instances), NOUN-SCONJ (12; 0% instances), PRON-ADV (10; 0% instances), VERB-NOUN (9; 0% instances), ADJ-ADV (8; 0% instances), DET-ADP (7; 0% instances), AUX-ADP (5; 0% instances), NOUN-DET (5; 0% instances), NOUN-ADJ (4; 0% instances), PRON-NOUN (4; 0% instances), PROPN-X (4; 0% instances), NOUN-INTJ (3; 0% instances), NOUN-PART (3; 0% instances), PART-ADP (3; 0% instances), PROPN-DET (3; 0% instances), PUNCT-ADV (3; 0% instances), VERB-ADV (3; 0% instances), ADJ-SCONJ (2; 0% instances), ADP-X (2; 0% instances), CONJ-ADP (2; 0% instances), DET-ADV (2; 0% instances), NUM-NOUN (2; 0% instances), NUM-X (2; 0% instances), PROPN-VERB (2; 0% instances), PUNCT-ADP (2; 0% instances), ADJ-INTJ (1; 0% instances), ADJ-NOUN (1; 0% instances), ADJ-PRON (1; 0% instances), ADP-PRON (1; 0% instances), ADP-SYM (1; 0% instances), ADV-ADJ (1; 0% instances), ADV-ADV (1; 0% instances), ADV-INTJ (1; 0% instances), ADV-VERB (1; 0% instances), NOUN-PUNCT (1; 0% instances), NUM-ADV (1; 0% instances), NUM-PART (1; 0% instances), NUM-SYM (1; 0% instances), PRON-INTJ (1; 0% instances), PRON-PRON (1; 0% instances), PRON-PROPN (1; 0% instances), PRON-SCONJ (1; 0% instances), PRON-VERB (1; 0% instances), PROPN-ADJ (1; 0% instances), PROPN-INTJ (1; 0% instances), SYM-SYM (1; 0% instances), VERB-ADJ (1; 0% instances), VERB-SCONJ (1; 0% instances), VERB-X (1; 0% instances), X-VERB (1; 0% instances).

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# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 5 case	color:blue
1	Aviator	_	PROPN	_	_	0	root	_	_
2	,	_	PUNCT	_	_	1	punct	_	_
3	un	_	DET	_	_	4	det	_	_
4	film	_	NOUN	_	_	1	appos	_	_
5	sur	_	ADP	_	_	7	case	_	_
6	la	_	DET	_	_	7	det	_	_
7	vie	_	NOUN	_	_	4	nmod	_	_
8	de	_	ADP	_	_	9	case	_	_
9	Hughes	_	PROPN	_	_	7	nmod	_	_
10	.	_	PUNCT	_	_	1	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "PROPN", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "PUNCT", [ [ 8, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "DET", [ [ 10, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "NOUN", [ [ 13, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "ADP", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T6", "DET", [ [ 22, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "NOUN", [ [ 25, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T8", "ADP", [ [ 29, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T9", "PROPN", [ [ 32, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T10", "PUNCT", [ [ 39, 40 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R0", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R1", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R2", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R3", "appos", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R4", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R5", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R6", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R7", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R8", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R9", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T10" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "embedded-3-S1-T5", "case" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ],
    "text": "Aviator , un film sur la vie de Hughes .",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 8 case	color:blue
1	Aviator	_	PROPN	_	_	0	root	_	_
2	,	_	PUNCT	_	_	1	punct	_	_
3	un	_	DET	_	_	4	det	_	_
4	film	_	NOUN	_	_	1	appos	_	_
5	sur	_	ADP	_	_	7	case	_	_
6	la	_	DET	_	_	7	det	_	_
7	vie	_	NOUN	_	_	4	nmod	_	_
8	de	_	ADP	_	_	9	case	_	_
9	Hughes	_	PROPN	_	_	7	nmod	_	_
10	.	_	PUNCT	_	_	1	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "PROPN", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "PUNCT", [ [ 8, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "DET", [ [ 10, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "NOUN", [ [ 13, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "ADP", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "DET", [ [ 22, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "NOUN", [ [ 25, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "ADP", [ [ 29, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "PROPN", [ [ 32, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T10", "PUNCT", [ [ 39, 40 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R0", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R1", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R2", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R3", "appos", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R4", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R5", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R6", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R7", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R8", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R9", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T10" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T8", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T9", "embedded-4-S1-T8", "case" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ],
    "text": "Aviator , un film sur la vie de Hughes .",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 10	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10	fgColor:white
# visual-style 11	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11	fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 10 case	color:blue
1	Ce	_	PRON	_	_	4	nsubj	_	_
2	sont	_	VERB	_	_	4	cop	_	_
3	des	_	DET	_	_	4	det	_	_
4	virus	_	NOUN	_	_	0	root	_	_
5	de	_	ADP	_	_	7	case	_	_
6	petite	_	ADJ	_	_	7	amod	_	_
7	taille	_	NOUN	_	_	4	nmod	_	_
8	(	_	PUNCT	_	_	12	punct	_	_
9	20	_	NUM	_	_	12	nummod	_	_
10	à	_	ADP	_	_	11	case	_	_
11	30	_	NUM	_	_	9	nmod	_	_
12	nm	_	NOUN	_	_	7	nmod	_	_
13	)	_	PUNCT	_	_	12	punct	_	_
14	.	_	PUNCT	_	_	4	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "PRON", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "VERB", [ [ 3, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "DET", [ [ 8, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "NOUN", [ [ 12, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "ADP", [ [ 18, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "ADJ", [ [ 21, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "NOUN", [ [ 28, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "PUNCT", [ [ 35, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T9", "NUM", [ [ 37, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T10", "ADP", [ [ 40, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T11", "NUM", [ [ 42, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T12", "NOUN", [ [ 45, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T13", "PUNCT", [ [ 48, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T14", "PUNCT", [ [ 50, 51 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R0", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R1", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R2", "det", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R3", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R4", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R5", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R6", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R7", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T12" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R8", "nummod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T12" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R9", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T11" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T10" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R10", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T11" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R11", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T12" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R12", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T12" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T13" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R13", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T14" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T11", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T12", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T13", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T14", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T10", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T10", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T11", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T11", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T11", "embedded-5-S1-T10", "case" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ],
    "text": "Ce sont des virus de petite taille ( 20 à 30 nm ) .",
    "error": false
}

---

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