This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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acl: clausal modifier of noun

The dependency type acl is used for relative clauses and clausal complements of nouns. For a relative clause, the head of the dependency is the noun modified by the clause, and the dependant is the main predicate of the clause.

太郎 が 食べ た リンゴ \n Taro NOM eat PAST apple
acl(リンゴ, 食べ)
case(太郎, が)
aux(食べ, た)

Formal noun こと / koto “fact” can have a clausal complement and forms a noun phrase denoting the action expressed by the clause. For a example, 走る / hashiru “run” こと / koto “fact” means running (or a fact that someone runs).

ほめ られ た こと \n praise PASSIVE PAST fact
acl(こと, ほめ)
auxpass(ほめ, られ)
aux(ほめ, た)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Japanese-KTC)

This relation is universal.

8370 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as acl.

8370 instances of acl (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 2.98996415770609.

The following 26 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/VERB (6816; 81% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/NOUN (643; 8% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/ADJ (630; 8% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/VERB (161; 2% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/NOUN (20; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/DET (19; 0% instances), ja-pos/VERB-ja-pos/VERB (14; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/ADV (12; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/PROPN (11; 0% instances), ja-pos/PRON-ja-pos/VERB (8; 0% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/ADJ (7; 0% instances), ja-pos/CONJ-ja-pos/VERB (6; 0% instances), ja-pos/NUM-ja-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), ja-pos/CONJ-ja-pos/NOUN (4; 0% instances), ja-pos/VERB-ja-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), ja-pos/ADJ-ja-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/CONJ-ja-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/NOUN-ja-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/PRON-ja-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/PRON-ja-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/PROPN-ja-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), ja-pos/VERB-ja-pos/DET (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 11	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 11	fgColor:white
# visual-style 11 8 acl	color:blue
1	_	然し	CONJ	CONJ	_	13	cc	_	Offset=0-3
2	_	_	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	1	punct	_	Offset=3-4
3	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	4	compound	_	Offset=4-5
4	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	8	nsubj	_	Offset=5-8
5	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	4	case	_	Offset=8-9
6	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	8	iobj	_	Offset=9-12
7	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	6	case	_	Offset=12-13
8	_	_	VERB	VERB	_	11	acl	_	Offset=13-15
9	_	為る	AUX	AUX	_	8	aux	_	Offset=15-16
10	_	_	AUX	AUX	_	8	aux	_	Offset=16-17
11	_	事	NOUN	NOUN	_	13	nsubj	_	Offset=17-19
12	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	11	case	_	Offset=19-20
13	_	有る	VERB	VERB	_	25	advcl	_	Offset=20-22
14	_	_	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	13	punct	_	Offset=22-23
15	_	クボ	PROPN	PROPN	_	16	compound	_	Offset=23-25
16	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	25	nsubj	_	Offset=25-26
17	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	16	case	_	Offset=26-27
18	_	先駆け	NOUN	NOUN	_	21	nmod	_	Offset=27-31
19	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	18	case	_	Offset=31-32
20	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	18	case	_	Offset=32-33
21	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	25	iobj	_	Offset=33-35
22	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	21	case	_	Offset=35-36
23	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	25	dobj	_	Offset=36-38
24	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	23	case	_	Offset=38-39
25	_	持つ	VERB	VERB	_	0	root	_	Offset=39-41
26	_	_	SCONJ	SCONJ	_	25	mark	_	Offset=41-42
27	_	居る	AUX	AUX	_	25	aux	_	Offset=42-44
28	_	_	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	25	punct	_	Offset=44-45

# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 12	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12	fgColor:white
# visual-style 12 9 acl	color:blue
1	_	_	ADV	ADV	_	12	advmod	_	Offset=0-2
2	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	3	compound	_	Offset=2-3
3	_	_	PROPN	PROPN	_	4	compound	_	Offset=3-5
4	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	8	dobj	_	Offset=5-7
5	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	4	case	_	Offset=7-8
6	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	8	nmod	_	Offset=8-10
7	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	6	case	_	Offset=10-12
8	_	作る	VERB	VERB	_	9	acl	_	Offset=12-15
9	_	積り	NOUN	NOUN	_	12	acl	_	Offset=15-18
10	_	だ	AUX	AUX	_	9	cop	_	Offset=18-20
11	_	_	AUX	AUX	_	9	aux	_	Offset=20-21
12	_	訳	NOUN	NOUN	_	0	root	_	Offset=21-23
13	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	12	case	_	Offset=23-24
14	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	12	dep	_	Offset=24-25
15	_	無い	AUX	AUX	_	12	dep	_	Offset=25-27
16	_	_	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	12	punct	_	Offset=27-28

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 4 acl	color:blue
1	_	_	ADJ	ADJ	_	2	amod	_	Offset=0-3
2	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	4	nsubj	_	Offset=3-5
3	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	2	case	_	Offset=5-6
4	_	_	ADJ	ADJ	_	5	acl	_	Offset=6-8
5	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	7	nmod	_	Offset=8-10
6	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	5	case	_	Offset=10-11
7	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	9	nsubj	_	Offset=11-12
8	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	7	case	_	Offset=12-13
9	_	勝つ	VERB	VERB	_	18	iobj	_	Offset=13-15
10	_	_	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	9	punct	_	Offset=15-16
11	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	13	nsubj	_	Offset=16-18
12	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	11	case	_	Offset=18-19
13	_	_	ADJ	ADJ	_	14	acl	_	Offset=19-21
14	_	_	NOUN	NOUN	_	16	dep	_	Offset=21-23
15	_	_	PART	PART	_	14	case	_	Offset=23-25
16	_	_	VERB	VERB	_	9	conj	_	Offset=25-28
17	_	_	ADP	ADP	_	9	case	_	Offset=28-29
18	_	_	VERB	VERB	_	0	root	_	Offset=29-31
19	_	_	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	18	punct	_	Offset=31-32


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