ADP
: adposition
Definition
Czech has only prepositions but no postpositions or circumpositions. They occur before a complement noun phrase (noun, pronoun) and they form a single structure with the complement to express its grammatical and semantic relation to another unit within a clause.
Some prepositions take the form of fixed multiword expressions, e.g.
na rozdíl od “in contrast to”, v souvislosti s
“in connection with”. The
component words are then still tagged according to their basic use
(na is ADP
, rozdíl is NOUN, etc.) and their status as
multiword expressions are accounted for in the syntactic annotation.
Examples
- v “in, at”
- k “to”
- během “during”
References
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
There are 114 ADP
lemmas (0%), 132 ADP
types (0%) and 145943 ADP
tokens (10%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADP
is: 8 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 5 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADP
lemmas: v, na, z, s, o, do, k, pro, za, po
The 10 most frequent ADP
types: v, na, o, z, s, do, ve, k, pro, za
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: v (ADP 36265, NOUN 9, ADJ 1), z (ADP 11656, NOUN 19), s (ADP 11169, NOUN 90, PART 21, X 3, ADJ 1), o (ADP 10328, PUNCT 100, NOUN 10, ADJ 3, INTJ 2), do (ADP 7414, PROPN 11, VERB 3, NOUN 2), k (ADP 7084, NOUN 15), po (ADP 3847, NOUN 5), podle (ADP 3564, ADV 1), u (ADP 2378, NOUN 4), bez (ADP 1147, NOUN 1)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: v (ADP 26490, NOUN 4, ADJ 3), o (ADP 9669, ADJ 110, PUNCT 99, NOUN 4), z (ADP 8838, NOUN 18), s (ADP 8728, NOUN 381, PART 21, ADJ 9), do (ADP 6970, PROPN 11, NOUN 2, VERB 2), k (ADP 5508, NOUN 10, ADJ 1), po (ADP 3165, NOUN 6), podle (ADP 2143, ADV 1), při (ADP 2004, NOUN 1), u (ADP 2039, NOUN 3)
- v
- o
- z
- s
- do
- k
- po
- podle
- při
- u
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADP
is 1.157895 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.195970).
The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “a”: a, ala, à
The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “k”: k, ke, ku
The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “nad”: n, nad, nade
ADP
occurs with 6 features: cs-feat/AdpType (145943; 100% instances), cs-feat/Case (145304; 100% instances), cs-feat/Foreign (592; 0% instances), cs-feat/NameType (71; 0% instances), cs-feat/Abbr (23; 0% instances), cs-feat/Aspect (1; 0% instances)
ADP
occurs with 18 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes
, AdpType=Comprep
, AdpType=Prep
, AdpType=Voc
, Aspect=Imp
, Case=Acc
, Case=Dat
, Case=Gen
, Case=Ins
, Case=Loc
, Case=Nom
, Foreign=Foreign
, NameType=Com
, NameType=Geo
, NameType=Geo,Giv,Sur
, NameType=Oth
, NameType=Pro
, NameType=Sur
ADP
occurs with 31 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc
(50236 tokens).
Examples: v, na, o, po, při, za
Relations
ADP
nodes are attached to their parents using 16 different relations: cs-dep/case (143813; 99% instances), cs-dep/mwe (1439; 1% instances), cs-dep/foreign (251; 0% instances), cs-dep/nmod (228; 0% instances), cs-dep/conj (68; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod (52; 0% instances), cs-dep/mark (43; 0% instances), cs-dep/root (11; 0% instances), cs-dep/dep (10; 0% instances), cs-dep/appos (9; 0% instances), cs-dep/cc (9; 0% instances), cs-dep/dobj (3; 0% instances), cs-dep/name (3; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (1; 0% instances)
Parents of ADP
nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (112841; 77% instances), PROPN (16533; 11% instances), PRON (10549; 7% instances), NUM (2094; 1% instances), ADJ (1964; 1% instances), ADP (1110; 1% instances), ADV (504; 0% instances), VERB (125; 0% instances), DET (92; 0% instances), SYM (85; 0% instances), PART (31; 0% instances), ROOT (11; 0% instances), CONJ (2; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)
143275 (98%) ADP
nodes are leaves.
1790 (1%) ADP
nodes have one child.
835 (1%) ADP
nodes have two children.
43 (0%) ADP
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADP
node is 11.
Children of ADP
nodes are attached using 15 different relations: cs-dep/mwe (3321; 91% instances), cs-dep/case (84; 2% instances), cs-dep/punct (61; 2% instances), cs-dep/nmod (40; 1% instances), cs-dep/cc (27; 1% instances), cs-dep/conj (24; 1% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (19; 1% instances), cs-dep/appos (18; 0% instances), cs-dep/foreign (17; 0% instances), cs-dep/dep (11; 0% instances), cs-dep/dobj (7; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod (3; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (1; 0% instances)
Children of ADP
nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: NOUN (2382; 66% instances), ADP (1110; 31% instances), PUNCT (61; 2% instances), CONJ (20; 1% instances), ADJ (18; 0% instances), PRON (15; 0% instances), PROPN (15; 0% instances), ADV (8; 0% instances), VERB (5; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)
ADP in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]