mwe: multi-word expression
The multi-word expression (modifier) relation is one of the
relations for compounding and it is intended for function words.
In Czech it is used for multi-word prepositions.
The leftmost word is the head and all the other words are attached as its mwe modifiers.
Na rozdíl od tebe já se nemám zač stydět . \n In contrast to you I myself have-not of-what to-be-ashamed .
mwe(Na, rozdíl)
mwe(Na, od)
case(tebe, Na)
mwe(In, contrast)
mwe(In, to)
case(you, In)
Multi-word prepositions usually form a contiguous span of the sentence. In exceptional cases however, they can be interrupted by emphasizers and other words:
ve srovnání například s úvěry \n in comparison for-example to loans
mwe(ve, srovnání)
mwe(ve, s)
case(úvěry, ve)
advmod:emph(úvěry, například)
mwe(in, comparison)
mwe(in, to)
case(loans, in)
advmod:emph(loans, for-example)
Another type of interruption is caused by a possessive determiner. For instance, na základě něčeho “based on something” contains the multi-word preposition na základě “based on”, lit. on the-basis-of. This expression is etymologically a combination of a proper preposition na “on” and the noun základ “basis”; the argument něčeho “something” is in genitive. If the phrase na základě were not analyzed as a multi-word expression, we would have a normal genitive modification between two nominals: základ něčeho “basis of-something”. A genitive modifier can be substituted by a possessive determiner, and this is possible even within the partially frozen multi-word preposition, as with the relative possessive determiner in the following example:
zákon , na jehož základě byl zřízen fond \n law , on whose basis was created fund
nmod(zřízen, jehož)
nmod(created, whose)
case(jehož, na)
case(whose, on)
mwe(na, základě)
mwe(on, basis)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This relation is universal.
3705 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as mwe.
3705 instances of mwe (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.21754385964912.
The following 10 pairs of parts of speech are connected with mwe: cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/NOUN (2249; 61% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/ADP (1068; 29% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/ADP (317; 9% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADP (44; 1% instances), cs-pos/SCONJ-cs-pos/SCONJ (12; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/ADP (9; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/ADJ (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SCONJ-cs-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 7 mwe color:blue
1 Počet počet NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _
2 pracovníků pracovník NOUN NNMP2-----A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _
3 podniku podnik NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _
4 zároveň zároveň ADV Db------------- _ 5 advmod _ _
5 klesl klesnout VERB VpYS---XR-AA--1 Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
6 v v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 9 case _ LId=v-1
7 průběhu průběh NOUN NNIS6-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 6 mwe _ _
8 6 6 NUM C=------------- NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _
9 let rok NOUN NNNP2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _
10 o o ADP RR--4---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 11 case _ LId=o-1
11 šestinu šestina NUM CyFS4---------- Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|NumType=Frac 5 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No|LDeriv=še`6|LNumValue=6
12 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 5 punct _ _
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 7 mwe color:blue
1 To ten PRON PDNS1---------- Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 nsubj _ _
2 znamená znamenat VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 11 punct _ _
4 že že SCONJ J,------------- _ 11 mark _ _
5 ve v ADP RV--6---------- AdpType=Voc|Case=Loc 8 case _ LId=v-1
6 vztahu vztah NOUN NNIS6-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 mwe _ _
7 k k ADP RR--3---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Dat 5 mwe _ LId=k-1
8 občanům občan NOUN NNMP3-----A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _
9 je být VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 11 cop _ _
10 veřejným veřejný ADJ AAMS7----1A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 11 amod _ _
11 činitelem činitel NOUN NNMS7-----A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Ins|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 4 mwe color:blue
1 Samozřejmě samozřejmě ADV Dg-------1A---- Degree=Pos|Negative=Pos 2 dep _ LDeriv=samozřejmý
2 nejen nejen PART TT------------- _ 0 root _ _
3 co co ADV Db------------- _ 2 case _ LId=co-5|LGloss=(př._co_nejméně,_co_nevidět,_co_chvíli,_co_do_počtu,_atd.)
4 do do ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 3 mwe _ LId=do-1
5 efektu efekt NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 case _ SpaceAfter=No
6 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
7 ale ale CONJ J^------------- _ 2 cc _ _
8 i i CONJ J^------------- _ 2 conj _ LId=i-1
9 co co ADV Db------------- _ 8 case _ LId=co-5|LGloss=(př._co_nejméně,_co_nevidět,_co_chvíli,_co_do_počtu,_atd.)
10 do do ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 9 mwe _ LId=do-1
11 nákladů náklad NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 8 case _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
mwe in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]