ADV: adverb
Definition
Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner. They may also modify adjectives and other adverbs, as in velmi významně “very significantly” or prokazatelně chybný “provably wrong”.
There is a closed subclass of pronominal adverbs that refer to
circumstances in context, rather than naming them directly; similarly
to pronouns, these can be categorized as interrogative, relative,
demonstrative etc. Pronominal adverbs also get the ADV
part-of-speech tag but they are differentiated by additional features.
In accord with the UD approach,
adverbial ordinal numerals (poprvé, posedmé, postopadesáté)
are tagged ADV, although the traditional grammar classifies
them as numerals.
The same holds for multiplicative numerals
(jednou, sedmkrát, stopadesátkrát).
Note that Czech transgressives (also called adverbial participles)
are tagged VERB, not ADV.
Examples
- velmi “very”
- dobře “well”
- přesně “exactly”
- zítra “tomorrow”
- nahoru, dolů “up, down”
- ordinal numeral adverbs: poprvé, podruhé, potřetí “for the first time, for the second time, for the third time”
- multiplicative numeral adverbs: jednou, dvakrát, třikrát “once, twice, three times”
- interrogative adverbs: kde, kam, kdy, jak, proč “where, where to, when, how, why”
- demonstrative adverbs: tady, tam, teď, tehdy, tak “here, there, now, then, so”
- indefinite adverbs: někde, někam, někdy, nějak “somewhere, to somewhere, sometime, somehow”
- total adverbs: všude, vždy “everywhere, always”
- negative adverbs: nikde, nikdy “nowhere, never”
References
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
There are 2344 ADV lemmas (4%), 2630 ADV types (2%) and 79874 ADV tokens (5%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADV is: 6 in number of lemmas, 6 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADV lemmas: tak, už, také, hodně, jak, včera, ještě, již, například, tedy
The 10 most frequent ADV types: tak, už, také, jak, včera, ještě, již, tedy, dnes, pak
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: tak (ADV 2354, CONJ 389), hodně (ADV 1842, DET 1), jak (ADV 1801, SCONJ 399, CONJ 52, PROPN 5), málo (ADV 700, DET 86, NOUN 40, PRON 24), třeba (ADJ 409, ADV 404), daleko (ADV 345, NOUN 1), co (PRON 1859, ADV 239, SCONJ 210, PART 21), proto (CONJ 950, ADV 229), trochu (ADV 194, NOUN 1), mnohem (ADV 193, PART 1)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: tak (ADV 2201, CONJ 358), jak (ADV 1350, SCONJ 222, CONJ 50, PROPN 5), již (ADV 1436, PRON 20), více (ADV 1022, DET 2), třeba (ADJ 408, ADV 372), tu (ADV 396, DET 101, PRON 27), možná (ADV 231, ADJ 32), vlastně (ADV 292, VERB 19), hlavně (ADV 230, NOUN 1), co (PRON 1187, ADV 233, SCONJ 207, PART 7)
- tak
- jak
- již
- více
- třeba
- tu
- možná
- vlastně
- hlavně
- co
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADV is 1.122014 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.195970).
The 1st highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “málo”: málo, méně, míň, nejméně, nejmíň, nemálo, neméně
The 2nd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “snadno”: nejsnadněji, nejsnáze, nesnadno, snadno, snadněji, snáz, snáze
The 3rd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “brzy”: brzo, brzy, dřív, dříve, nejdřív, nejdříve
ADV occurs with 7 features: cs-feat/Negative (25099; 31% instances), cs-feat/Degree (25055; 31% instances), cs-feat/Abbr (956; 1% instances), cs-feat/NumType (741; 1% instances), cs-feat/Style (129; 0% instances), cs-feat/Foreign (116; 0% instances), cs-feat/NameType (17; 0% instances)
ADV occurs with 14 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Pos, Degree=Sup, Foreign=Foreign, NameType=Com, NameType=Oth, NameType=Pro, Negative=Neg, Negative=Pos, NumType=Mult, NumType=Ord, Style=Arch, Style=Coll
ADV occurs with 29 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is _ (52984 tokens).
Examples: tak, už, také, jak, včera, ještě, již, tedy, dnes, pak
Relations
ADV nodes are attached to their parents using 22 different relations: cs-dep/advmod (54490; 68% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (11762; 15% instances), cs-dep/cc (6337; 8% instances), cs-dep/conj (2354; 3% instances), cs-dep/dep (959; 1% instances), cs-dep/nmod (940; 1% instances), cs-dep/root (890; 1% instances), cs-dep/case (604; 1% instances), cs-dep/dobj (561; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (356; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (168; 0% instances), cs-dep/mark (154; 0% instances), cs-dep/appos (111; 0% instances), cs-dep/foreign (39; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (34; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubjpass (32; 0% instances), cs-dep/iobj (24; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (19; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (17; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (16; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (6; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)
Parents of ADV nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: VERB (47807; 60% instances), ADJ (11950; 15% instances), NOUN (11204; 14% instances), ADV (4136; 5% instances), NUM (1496; 2% instances), PROPN (1075; 1% instances), PRON (961; 1% instances), ROOT (890; 1% instances), DET (175; 0% instances), PART (72; 0% instances), CONJ (54; 0% instances), SYM (23; 0% instances), INTJ (12; 0% instances), ADP (8; 0% instances), SCONJ (6; 0% instances), PUNCT (5; 0% instances)
69662 (87%) ADV nodes are leaves.
7050 (9%) ADV nodes have one child.
1832 (2%) ADV nodes have two children.
1330 (2%) ADV nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADV node is 14.
Children of ADV nodes are attached using 26 different relations: cs-dep/punct (3039; 19% instances), cs-dep/advmod (2661; 17% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (2175; 14% instances), cs-dep/nmod (1951; 12% instances), cs-dep/conj (1441; 9% instances), cs-dep/cc (1314; 8% instances), cs-dep/advcl (960; 6% instances), cs-dep/dep (805; 5% instances), cs-dep/mwe (318; 2% instances), cs-dep/mark (293; 2% instances), cs-dep/appos (214; 1% instances), cs-dep/cop (192; 1% instances), cs-dep/case (187; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (109; 1% instances), cs-dep/neg (76; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (64; 0% instances), cs-dep/dobj (57; 0% instances), cs-dep/foreign (41; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (24; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux (19; 0% instances), cs-dep/amod (15; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (11; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (8; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (7; 0% instances), cs-dep/nummod (5; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances)
Children of ADV nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: ADV (4136; 26% instances), NOUN (3272; 20% instances), PUNCT (3039; 19% instances), CONJ (1472; 9% instances), VERB (940; 6% instances), PART (787; 5% instances), PRON (592; 4% instances), ADP (504; 3% instances), SCONJ (360; 2% instances), NUM (318; 2% instances), PROPN (311; 2% instances), ADJ (221; 1% instances), AUX (19; 0% instances), SYM (12; 0% instances), INTJ (4; 0% instances)
ADV in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]