home edit page issue tracker

This page pertains to UD version 2.

It appears that you have Javascript disabled. Please consider enabling Javascript for this page to see the visualizations.

UD for Gothic

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

In general, words are delimited by whitespace characters.
Punctuation such as commas and periods is not included in the data. Occasionally a punctuation symbol (typically a hyphen) is part of a word, as in at-gaf, þat-ain, ga-seƕi.
There are no multi-word tokens.
There are no words with spaces.

Nominal words (NOUN, PROPN and PRON) have an inherent Gender feature with one of three values: Masc, Fem or Neut.
- The following parts of speech inflect for Gender because they must agree with nouns: ADJ, DET, NUM, VERB, AUX. For verbs (including auxiliaries), only participles can inflect for gender. Finite verbs don’t.
The three values of the Number feature are Sing, Dual, and Plur. The following parts of speech inflect for number: NOUN, PROPN, PRON, ADJ, DET, NUM, VERB, AUX (finite and participles). The dual number is distinguished for pronouns and verbs (including auxiliary) but not for nouns, adjectives or determiners.
Case has 5 possible values: Nom, Gen, Dat, Acc, Voc. It occurs with the nominal words, i.e., NOUN, PROPN, PRON, ADJ, DET, NUM. For verbs (VERB) and auxiliaries (AUX) it occurs with participles (VerbForm=Part).

Degree applies to adjectives (ADJ) and adverbs (ADV) and has one of three possible values: Pos, Cmp, Sup.
Polarity is used to mark the negative adverbs ni, nih, niþ, nis, nibai, nei, i.e., only the Neg value is used.

Finite verbs always have one of three values of Mood: Ind, Imp or Opt.
Indicative verbs always have one of two values of Tense: Past, Pres.
The feature Aspect is used with perfect participles, i.e., the only value is Perf.
There are two values of Voice: Act, Pass.

PronType is used with pronouns (PRON) and adverbs (ADV): Prs, Rcp, Int, Rel.
The Poss feature marks possessive personal adjectives (e.g. meins “my”).
The Reflex feature is always used together with PronType=Prs and it marks reflexive pronouns (sik) and reflexive possessive adjectives (seins).
Person is a lexical feature of personal pronouns (PRON) and has three values, 1, 2 and 3. With personal possessive adjectives (ADJ), the feature actually encodes the person of the possessor. Person is not marked on other types of pronouns and on nouns, although they can be almost always interpreted as the 3rd person.
- As a cross-reference to subject, person is also marked on finite verbs (VERB, AUX).

There is one language-specific feature:
- Strength with two values, Strong and Weak, is used with adjectives and participles to distinguish forms of the strong vs. weak declension. For example, masculine singular nom-gen-dat-acc strong blinds, blindis, blindamma, blindana “blind”; weak blinda, blindins, blindin, blindan “blind”.

Nominal subject (nsubj) is a noun phrase in the nominative case, without preposition.
- A subordinate clause may serve as the subject and is labeled csubj.
Nominal direct object (obj) is a noun phrase in the accusative case, without preposition.
Nominal indirect object (iobj) is a noun phrase in the dative case, without preposition.
Other nominal dependents of a predicate are labeled as oblique (obl).
In passive clauses, the subject is labeled with nsubj:pass or csubj:pass, respectively.
- If the demoted agent is present, its relation is labeled obl:agent.

There is 1 Gothic UD treebank: