This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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PART: particle

Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech (e.g. adpositions, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or auxiliary verbs).

In Swedish PART is currently only used for the infinitive marker att. Note that not all instances of att are of type PART, as att can also be used as a SCONJ.

Example

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish)

There are 1 PART lemmas (0%), 1 PART types (0%) and 1128 PART tokens (1%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 16 in number of lemmas, 16 in number of types and 14 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: att

The 10 most frequent PART types: att

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: att (PART 1128, SCONJ 971)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: att (PART 1103, SCONJ 951)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.421062).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “att”: att.

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 2 different relations: sv-dep/mark (1121; 99% instances), sv-dep/mwe (7; 1% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 6 different parts of speech: VERB (1095; 97% instances), ADJ (15; 1% instances), NOUN (8; 1% instances), ADV (5; 0% instances), ADP (4; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances)

1128 (100%) PART nodes are leaves.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 0.

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish-LinES)

There are 1 PART lemmas (6%), 3 PART types (0%) and 1778 PART tokens (2%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 10 in number of lemmas, 17 in number of types and 13 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: _

The 10 most frequent PART types: att, inte, to

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 14002, VERB 11274, ADP 8898, PUNCT 8656, PRON 8194, ADV 6016, ADJ 5522, DET 4283, CONJ 3016, PROPN 2703, SCONJ 2587, AUX 2238, PART 1778, NUM 440, INTJ 179, X 17, SYM 9)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: att (PART 1014, SCONJ 732)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 3.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 794.764706).

The 1st highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “_”: att, inte, to.

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 10 different relations: sv-dep/mark (1033; 58% instances), sv-dep/neg (720; 40% instances), sv-dep/advmod (12; 1% instances), sv-dep/conj (4; 0% instances), sv-dep/mwe (3; 0% instances), sv-dep/amod (2; 0% instances), sv-dep/dislocated (1; 0% instances), sv-dep/dobj (1; 0% instances), sv-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances), sv-dep/root (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: VERB (1513; 85% instances), ADJ (88; 5% instances), ADV (65; 4% instances), NOUN (64; 4% instances), PRON (17; 1% instances), AUX (12; 1% instances), PROPN (6; 0% instances), ADP (3; 0% instances), SCONJ (3; 0% instances), CONJ (2; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances), ROOT (1; 0% instances)

1759 (99%) PART nodes are leaves.

13 (1%) PART nodes have one child.

5 (0%) PART nodes have two children.

1 (0%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 3.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 10 different relations: sv-dep/advmod (9; 35% instances), sv-dep/punct (7; 27% instances), sv-dep/mwe (2; 8% instances), sv-dep/nsubj (2; 8% instances), sv-dep/advcl (1; 4% instances), sv-dep/amod (1; 4% instances), sv-dep/det (1; 4% instances), sv-dep/discourse (1; 4% instances), sv-dep/mark (1; 4% instances), sv-dep/parataxis (1; 4% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: ADV (12; 46% instances), PUNCT (7; 27% instances), PRON (2; 8% instances), ADJ (1; 4% instances), DET (1; 4% instances), INTJ (1; 4% instances), SCONJ (1; 4% instances), VERB (1; 4% instances)

PART in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]