xcomp
: open clausal complement
The name xcomp
is borrowed from Lexical-Functional Grammar.
An open clausal complement (xcomp) of a verb or an adjective is a predicative or clausal complement without its own subject. The reference of the subject is necessarily determined by an argument external to the xcomp.
These complements are always non-finite, and they are complements (arguments of the higher verb or adjective) rather than adjuncts/modifiers.
Examples
Is leor breathnú ar na staitisticí chun a fheiceáil gur thit na caighdeáin `You must look at the statistics to see that the standards dropped’
Caithfidh mé a dhul abhaile `I have to go home’
The UD Irish scheme uses xcomp
to denote progressive aspectual phrases, the structure of which follows:
Be + SUBJ + at (ag) + Verbal Noun
In these cases, and in keeping with the analysis of prepositional phrases, we attach the verbal noun to the higher verb (“be”) (using the xcomp
label instead of the nmod
used in standard PPs). The preposition is then a dependent of the verbal noun, with that relationship labelled as case
.
Tá sé ag rith `He is running’
There are also some similar periphrastic constructions similar to these progressives that use le or ar:
Chuirfeadh iad ar fáil `They would be made available’
Treebank Statistics (UD_Irish)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of xcomp
: xcomp:pred.
610 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as xcomp
.
598 instances of xcomp
(98%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 6.44918032786885.
The following 15 pairs of parts of speech are connected with xcomp
: VERB-NOUN (395; 65% instances), NOUN-NOUN (133; 22% instances), VERB-VERB (18; 3% instances), ADJ-NOUN (15; 2% instances), PRON-NOUN (13; 2% instances), NOUN-VERB (10; 2% instances), PROPN-NOUN (6; 1% instances), X-NOUN (5; 1% instances), VERB-ADP (4; 1% instances), ADP-NOUN (3; 0% instances), SCONJ-NOUN (3; 0% instances), NOUN-ADJ (2; 0% instances), CONJ-NOUN (1; 0% instances), DET-NOUN (1; 0% instances), NOUN-ADP (1; 0% instances).
xcomp in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]