xcomp: open clausal complement
An open clausal complement (xcomp) of a verb or an adjective is a predicative or clausal complement without its own subject (“without its own subject” does not mean that a clause is an xcomp just because its subject is not overt). The reference of the subject is necessarily determined by an argument external to the xcomp (normally by the object of the next higher clause, if there is one, or else by the subject of the next higher clause).
These clauses are non-finite in Basque (although in some languages can be finite).
Atzo entrenamendua uztea erabaki zuen .
Yesterday (he/she) decided to leave the training .
Atzo entrenamendua uztea erabaki zuen .\n Yesterday training_the to_leave decided .
advmod(erabaki-4, Atzo-1)
dobj(uztea-3, entrenamendua-2)
xcomp(erabaki-4, uztea-3)
aux(erabaki-4, zuen-5)
punct(erabaki-4, .-6)
~~~ sdparse
*Alkateek nahi dute lehenbailehen **biltzea** .*
*Mayors want **to meet** as soon as possible .*
~~~ sdparse
Alkateek nahi dute lehenbailehen biltzea .\n Mayors want as_soon_as_possible to_meet.
nsubj(nahi_dute-2, Alkateek-1)
xcomp(nahi_dute-2, biltzea-4)
adv(biltzea-4, lehenbailehen-3)
punct(nahi_dute-2, .-5)
Mentalki irmo ikusi ditut haiek .
I have seen them mentally firm .
Mentalki irmo ikusi ditut haiek .\n Mentally firm seen have them .
adv(ikusi-3, Mentalki-1)
xcomp(ikusi-3, irmo-2)
aux(ikusi-3, ditut-4)
dobj(ikusi-3, haiek-5)
punct(ikusi-3, .-6)
Madrilera ez joatea erabaki zuen .
(He/she) decided not to go to Madrid .
Madrilera ez joatea erabaki zuen .\n Madrid_to not to_go decided .
nmod(joatea-3, Madrilera-1)
neg(joatea-3, ez-2)
xcomp(erabaki-4, joatea-3)
aux(erabaki-4, zuen-5)
punct(erabaki-4, .-6)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Basque)
This relation is universal.
1392 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as xcomp.
1137 instances of xcomp (82%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.16666666666667.
The following 32 pairs of parts of speech are connected with xcomp: eu-pos/VERB-eu-pos/VERB (1013; 73% instances), eu-pos/VERB-eu-pos/NOUN (145; 10% instances), eu-pos/VERB-eu-pos/ADJ (99; 7% instances), eu-pos/NOUN-eu-pos/VERB (43; 3% instances), eu-pos/VERB-eu-pos/ADV (13; 1% instances), eu-pos/VERB-eu-pos/NUM (10; 1% instances), eu-pos/ADJ-eu-pos/VERB (9; 1% instances), eu-pos/AUX-eu-pos/VERB (8; 1% instances), eu-pos/NOUN-eu-pos/ADJ (6; 0% instances), eu-pos/VERB-eu-pos/PROPN (6; 0% instances), eu-pos/CONJ-eu-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), eu-pos/NOUN-eu-pos/NOUN (5; 0% instances), eu-pos/PUNCT-eu-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), eu-pos/VERB-eu-pos/DET (3; 0% instances), eu-pos/ADV-eu-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), eu-pos/AUX-eu-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), eu-pos/NUM-eu-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), eu-pos/X-eu-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), eu-pos/X-eu-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), eu-pos/ADJ-eu-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), eu-pos/ADP-eu-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), eu-pos/AUX-eu-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), eu-pos/AUX-eu-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), eu-pos/AUX-eu-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), eu-pos/CONJ-eu-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), eu-pos/DET-eu-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), eu-pos/NOUN-eu-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), eu-pos/PROPN-eu-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), eu-pos/VERB-eu-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), eu-pos/VERB-eu-pos/INTJ (1; 0% instances), eu-pos/VERB-eu-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), eu-pos/VERB-eu-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
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1 Athleticek Athletic PROPN _ Case=Erg|Definite=Def|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _
2 presio presio NOUN _ _ 4 dobj _ _
3 itzela itzel ADJ _ Case=Abs|Definite=Def|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
4 pairatu pairatu VERB _ VerbForm=Part 5 xcomp _ _
5 beharko behar_izan VERB _ _ 0 root _ _
6 du *edun AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number[abs]=Sing|Number[erg]=Sing|Person[abs]=3|Person[erg]=3 5 aux _ _
7 . . PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ _
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# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
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1 Altxor altxor NOUN _ _ 6 nsubj _ _
2 hauek hauek DET _ Case=Abs|Definite=Def|Number=Plur 1 det _ _
3 " " PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
4 antzinatekoak antzinate NOUN _ Animacy=Inan|Case=Abs|Definite=Def|Number=Plur 6 xcomp _ _
5 " " PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
6 deitzen deitu VERB _ Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
7 dira izan AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number[abs]=Plur|Person[abs]=3 6 aux _ _
8 . . PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
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# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 3 1 xcomp color:blue
1 Leial leial ADJ _ Case=Abs|Definite=Ind 3 xcomp _ _
2 ez ez PART _ Negative=Neg 3 neg _ _
3 jokatzea jokatu VERB _ Case=Abs 4 xcomp _ _
4 leporatu leporatu VERB _ Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _
5 zien *edun AUX _ Mood=Ind|Number[abs]=Sing|Number[dat]=Plur|Number[erg]=Sing|Person[abs]=3|Person[dat]=3|Person[erg]=3 4 aux _ _
6 Mayorrek Mayor PROPN _ Case=Erg|Definite=Def|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _
7 alderdi alderdi NOUN _ _ 4 iobj _ _
8 abertzaleei abertzale ADJ _ Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Number=Plur 7 amod _ _
9 . . PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ _
xcomp in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]