VERB: verb
A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause.
The tag VERB is reserved for full lexical verbs, while auxiliary verbs are tagged [AUX]. In Basque, there are two types of main verbs:
- Complete: verbs with aspect, tense, and agreement features
- Incomplete: verbs with aspect and tense features (future tense)
Examples
- Complete: daramat “(I) carry (it)”, dakarkio “(he) brings(present-tense) (it) (to him)”
- Incomplete: ekarri du(AUX) “carry him-it-present-tense(AUX)”,
Treebank Statistics (UD_Basque)
There are 1017 VERB lemmas (9%), 3883 VERB types (15%) and 21543 VERB tokens (18%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of VERB is: 4 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 2 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent VERB lemmas: izan, egin, ukan, egon, esan, eman, jokatu, hartu, joan, lortu
The 10 most frequent VERB types: izan, da, egin, izango, dira, du, esan, egiten, eman, dago
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: izan (VERB 3592, AUX 3582, NOUN 1), ukan (VERB 1402, AUX 28), esan (VERB 418, NOUN 7), irabazi (VERB 224, NOUN 10), jakin (VERB 166, ADJ 9), eduki (VERB 151, NOUN 5), hil (VERB 145, NOUN 23), jaso (VERB 121, ADJ 1), erakutsi (VERB 90, NOUN 1), erabaki (VERB 86, NOUN 57)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: izan (VERB 894, NOUN 1), da (VERB 849, AUX 829), dira (AUX 425, VERB 266), du (AUX 808, VERB 243), dela (VERB 193, AUX 88), zen (AUX 797, VERB 134), dute (AUX 409, VERB 129), irabazi (VERB 128, NOUN 2), hil (VERB 121, NOUN 2), egiteko (VERB 99, NOUN 3)
- izan
- da
- dira
- du
- dela
- zen
- dute
- irabazi
- hil
- egiteko
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of VERB is 3.818092 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.169707).
The 1st highest number of forms (162) was observed with the lemma “ukan”: Bazituen, badiote, baditinagu, baditinat, baditu, badituela, badituen, baditugu, baditut, badituzu, badu, baduala, badudala, baduela, baduen, badugu, badut, badute, badutela, baduzu, baikenuen, bailion, bailituen, bailuen, baitio, baititu, baitituzte, baitu, baitut, baitute, baituzu, baitzituen, baitzuen, baitzuten, banitu, banuela, banuen, bazituzten, bazuen, bazuten, diagu, diat, die, diegu, diela, dietela, digute, dik, din, dinagu, dinat, dio, diogu, diola, dion, diot, diote, diotela, diotelako, dioten, ditik, ditu, ditudanean, dituela, dituelako, dituen, dituena, ditugu, ditugula, ditugun, dituk, ditut, dituzte, dituztela, dituztelarik, dituzten, dituztenak, dituztenean, dituztenei, dituzu, dituzue, dituzula, dizkiot, dizkiote, dizuet, du, dudalako, dudan, dudana, dudanean, duela, duelako, duen, duena, duenean, duenez, dugu, dugula, dugulako, dugun, duguna, dugunean, duk, dun, dut, dute, dutela, dutelako, duten, dutenak, dutenean, duzu, duzue, gaitu, gaituen, genituela, genituen, genuela, genuelako, genuen, genuke, hiola, luke, lukete, nauk, naun, nauzu, niken, ninan, ninduela, nion, nuela, nuen, nuke, nukeen, ukaiteko, ukan, ukanen, zaitugunok, zaitut, zenutela, zenuten, zian, zion, zituela, zituelarik, zituen, zituenean, zituenerako, zituztela, zituzten, zizkion, zuela, zuelako, zuen, zuena, zuenean, zuenez, zunan, zutela, zutelako, zuten.
The 2nd highest number of forms (125) was observed with the lemma “izan”: arizan, bada, badela, badira, badirela, bagara, bagina, bailiran, bailitzan, bailitzateke, baita, baitira, baitzaizkio, baitzen, baitziren, balitz, bazara, bazela, bazen, bazina, baziren, da, danez, dela, delako, delakoan, delarik, den, dena, denarentzat, denean, denez, denik, dira, direla, direlako, direlakoan, diren, direna, direnak, direnean, direnez, direnik, gara, garela, garelako, garenean, garenez, garenok, ginela, ginen, ginenekotik, haiz, izaki, izan, izana, izanagatik, izanak, izanaren, izanaz, izanda, izandako, izandakoa, izandakoak, izanen, izanez, izango, izanik, izate, izatea, izateagatik, izateak, izatearen, izateari, izateaz, izateko, izatekotan, izaten, izatera, izatetik, lirateke, litzateke, litzatekeela, litzatekeelako, litzatekela, naiz, naizela, naizenetik, naizenez, nintzela, nintzelako, nintzelarik, nintzen, zaidala, zaie, zaigu, zaio, zaiola, zaion, zait, zaizkienak, zaizkio, zaizkion, zara, zarela, zarete, zauzkigu, zela, zelako, zen, zenaren, zenean, zenez, zinen, zirela, ziren, zirenak, zirenei, zirenez, zitzaigun, zitzaiola, zitzaion, zitzaionik, zitzaizkidan, zitzaizkiela.
The 3rd highest number of forms (109) was observed with the lemma “egon”: Dagoeneko, badago, badagoela, badagoen, badaude, badaudela, baikaude, bailegoen, baitago, baitaude, baitzegoen, baitzeuden, balego, banago, bazegoelako, bazegoen, dago, dagoela, dagoelako, dagoelarik, dagoen, dagoena, dagoenak, dagoenaren, dagoenean, dagoenez, dagokidan, dagokie, dagokienei, dagokienez, dagokigunez, dagokio, dagokion, dagokionari, dagokionaz, dagokionean, dagokionez, dagokizun, dagola, dagozkie, dagozkien, dagozkio, dagozkion, dagozkionak, daude, daudela, daudelako, dauden, daudenak, daudenean, daudenek, daudenen, daudenetik, daudenez, daudenik, egoiten, egon, egonda, egondako, egondakoak, egonen, egongo, egotea, egotearekin, egotearen, egoteko, egoten, egotera, gaude, gaudek, gaudela, gauden, gaudenak, gaudenok, geuden, geundela, geundelarik, geunden, hago, legokeela, nago, nagoela, nagoen, nengoela, nengoen, nengoke, zagok, zaude, zaudela, zaudelarik, zaudezte, zegoan, zegoela, zegoelako, zegoen, zegoena, zegoenean, zegoenez, zegoenik, zegok, zegokiola, zegokion, zegokionez, zeudela, zeudelako, zeuden, zeudenak, zeudenek, zirezte.
VERB occurs with 22 features: eu-feat/Aspect (13872; 64% instances), eu-feat/VerbForm (13428; 62% instances), eu-feat/Mood (4769; 22% instances), eu-feat/Number[abs] (4769; 22% instances), eu-feat/Person[abs] (4769; 22% instances), eu-feat/Case (4119; 19% instances), eu-feat/Number[erg] (1713; 8% instances), eu-feat/Person[erg] (1713; 8% instances), eu-feat/Definite (1709; 8% instances), eu-feat/Number (713; 3% instances), eu-feat/Voice (234; 1% instances), eu-feat/Negative (178; 1% instances), eu-feat/Number[dat] (171; 1% instances), eu-feat/Person[dat] (171; 1% instances), eu-feat/Gender (40; 0% instances), eu-feat/Polite (40; 0% instances), eu-feat/Degree (13; 0% instances), eu-feat/Polite[abs] (8; 0% instances), eu-feat/Polite[erg] (5; 0% instances), eu-feat/Gender[erg] (4; 0% instances), eu-feat/Gender[dat] (1; 0% instances), eu-feat/Polite[dat] (1; 0% instances)
VERB occurs with 57 feature-value pairs: Aspect=Imp, Aspect=Perf, Aspect=Pro, Aspect=Prog, Case=Abl, Case=Abs, Case=All, Case=Ben, Case=Cau, Case=Com, Case=Dat, Case=Erg, Case=Ess, Case=Gen, Case=Ine, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Par, Definite=Def, Definite=Ind, Degree=Cmp, Degree=Sup, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender[dat]=Masc, Gender[erg]=Fem, Gender[erg]=Masc, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Mood=Pot, Mood=Sub, Negative=Pos, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Number[abs]=Plur, Number[abs]=Sing, Number[dat]=Plur, Number[dat]=Sing, Number[erg]=Plur, Number[erg]=Sing, Person[abs]=1, Person[abs]=2, Person[abs]=3, Person[dat]=1, Person[dat]=2, Person[dat]=3, Person[erg]=1, Person[erg]=2, Person[erg]=3, Polite=Inf, Polite[abs]=Inf, Polite[dat]=Inf, Polite[erg]=Inf, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part, Voice=Cau
VERB occurs with 207 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Part (5761 tokens).
Examples: izan, egin, esan, eman, joan, lortu, hasi, hil, irabazi, azaldu
Relations
VERB nodes are attached to their parents using 23 different relations: eu-dep/root (7714; 36% instances), eu-dep/advcl (4626; 21% instances), eu-dep/conj (2480; 12% instances), eu-dep/cop (2417; 11% instances), eu-dep/xcomp (1087; 5% instances), eu-dep/acl (1026; 5% instances), eu-dep/ccomp (918; 4% instances), eu-dep/aux (369; 2% instances), eu-dep/csubj (272; 1% instances), eu-dep/nmod (272; 1% instances), eu-dep/nsubj (121; 1% instances), eu-dep/dobj (83; 0% instances), eu-dep/appos (57; 0% instances), eu-dep/dep (33; 0% instances), eu-dep/iobj (19; 0% instances), eu-dep/parataxis (13; 0% instances), eu-dep/compound (12; 0% instances), eu-dep/advmod (9; 0% instances), eu-dep/mark (6; 0% instances), eu-dep/name (6; 0% instances), eu-dep/cc (1; 0% instances), eu-dep/det (1; 0% instances), eu-dep/mwe (1; 0% instances)
Parents of VERB nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: VERB (8765; 41% instances), ROOT (7714; 36% instances), NOUN (3558; 17% instances), ADJ (854; 4% instances), ADV (150; 1% instances), CONJ (90; 0% instances), DET (88; 0% instances), NUM (84; 0% instances), ADP (82; 0% instances), PROPN (58; 0% instances), AUX (41; 0% instances), PUNCT (26; 0% instances), X (17; 0% instances), PRON (9; 0% instances), INTJ (6; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)
1992 (9%) VERB nodes are leaves.
4081 (19%) VERB nodes have one child.
3537 (16%) VERB nodes have two children.
11933 (55%) VERB nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a VERB node is 16.
Children of VERB nodes are attached using 27 different relations: eu-dep/punct (16122; 22% instances), eu-dep/aux (10321; 14% instances), eu-dep/nmod (9540; 13% instances), eu-dep/nsubj (7311; 10% instances), eu-dep/dobj (7291; 10% instances), eu-dep/advmod (4954; 7% instances), eu-dep/advcl (4001; 6% instances), eu-dep/cc (2830; 4% instances), eu-dep/conj (2691; 4% instances), eu-dep/xcomp (1293; 2% instances), eu-dep/neg (1263; 2% instances), eu-dep/ccomp (1144; 2% instances), eu-dep/compound (1014; 1% instances), eu-dep/iobj (996; 1% instances), eu-dep/cop (464; 1% instances), eu-dep/mark (209; 0% instances), eu-dep/csubj (139; 0% instances), eu-dep/discourse (62; 0% instances), eu-dep/parataxis (49; 0% instances), eu-dep/vocative (42; 0% instances), eu-dep/dep (21; 0% instances), eu-dep/det (15; 0% instances), eu-dep/nummod (11; 0% instances), eu-dep/acl (8; 0% instances), eu-dep/mwe (3; 0% instances), eu-dep/name (3; 0% instances), eu-dep/amod (1; 0% instances)
Children of VERB nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (20261; 28% instances), PUNCT (16115; 22% instances), AUX (9992; 14% instances), VERB (8765; 12% instances), ADV (4176; 6% instances), CONJ (4143; 6% instances), PROPN (3612; 5% instances), PART (1307; 2% instances), ADJ (1086; 2% instances), DET (1015; 1% instances), NUM (740; 1% instances), PRON (452; 1% instances), X (103; 0% instances), INTJ (29; 0% instances), SYM (2; 0% instances)
VERB in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]