This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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PART: particle

The following English words (only) are currently being treated as PART in English:

• Possessive marker: ’s or ’ (and non-standard forms s, -s)
• Predicate negation: not, n’t, nt
• Infinitive marker: to (and non-standard forms ta, na, too, ot, 2, a)

(This is a slightly motley list and we may still want to rethink this category for English….)

This covers PTB tags POS and some (old PTB style) or all uses of TO, and the subset of RB that is negation.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

There are 13 PART lemmas (0%), 18 PART types (0%) and 6689 PART tokens (3%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 17 in number of lemmas, 17 in number of types and 12 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: to, not, ‘s, s, ‘, na, ta, too, -s, 2

The 10 most frequent PART types: to, not, n’t, ‘s, s, nt, ‘, na, ta, n

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: to (PART 3925, ADP 2160, SCONJ 84, ADV 12, NOUN 2, VERB 1), not (PART 1942, ADV 188, CONJ 17), ’s (PART 659, PRON 14), s (PART 98, X 10, PRON 7, NOUN 3, PROPN 1), ’ (PUNCT 240, PART 38, NOUN 7, VERB 1), ta (PART 7, ADP 4), too (ADV 157, PART 2, ADP 1), 2 (NUM 140, X 30, PROPN 2, ADP 1, PART 1), `s (VERB 8, PART 1, AUX 1), a (DET 5272, NOUN 20, X 14, ADV 7, ADP 4, PART 1, CONJ 1, AUX 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: to (PART 3879, ADP 2134, SCONJ 82, ADV 12, NOUN 2, VERB 1), not (PART 956, ADV 158, CONJ 15), ’s (PART 657, VERB 390, AUX 71, PRON 14), s (VERB 99, PART 97, AUX 12, X 10, PRON 7, NOUN 2, PROPN 1), ’ (PUNCT 240, PART 38, NOUN 7), ta (PART 7, ADP 3), n (CONJ 3, PART 2, NOUN 1), too (ADV 147, PART 2, ADP 1), 2 (NUM 140, X 30, PROPN 2, ADP 1, PART 1), `s (VERB 8, PART 1, AUX 1)

• to
  • PART 3879: When they saw a cartoon of their prophet , people had to die .
  • ADP 2134: To pander to the mythical “ Arab street “ , of course .
  • SCONJ 82: I look forward to seeing you all there .
  • ADV 12: And if you send me a story , that would be great to !
  • NOUN 2: Talked to the little mother - to - be .
  • VERB 1: My answer is that we do n’t to text speak here … we type in English .
• not
  • PART 956: This is not a filibuster .
  • ADV 158: The address is for Noida Location not for Gurgaon Location .
  • CONJ 15: Oh , and salad cream , not mayonnaise , on the coleslaw .
• ’s
  • PART 657: I was thinking Kenneally ’s at around 5 .
  • VERB 390: Read the entire article ; there ’s a punchline , too .
  • AUX 71: So he ’s got a – I ‘m a decision - maker and I can make good decisions .
  • PRON 14: let ’s discuss next time we have amstel lights together .
• s
  • VERB 99: It s all interesting stuff .
  • PART 97: you guys want to watch the game at woodrow s tomorrow ?
  • AUX 12: I use GIMP and It s not cutting it , looks terrible .
  • X 10: The Settlement date shall be the date ( s ) set forth in the Product description on the Website .
  • PRON 7: Let s get together soon .
  • NOUN 2: In clause ( e ) , delete the “ s “ : from the word consolidation .
  • PROPN 1: s
• ’
  • PUNCT 240: He did comment on what he meant by the phrase . ’
  • PART 38: The latest spot for a real Hackney ‘s is Printers ’ Row :
  • NOUN 7: If you Do n’t want to grow out of it quickly get a 14 ’ 2 ..
• ta
  • PART 7: Yeah you got ta burn it .. that s the only way
  • ADP 3: If this is the best that Tucson has to offer , I am out ta here …
• n
  • CONJ 3: in n out of the chicago area ?
  • PART 2: I du n no how they did it , but Scottish friends — this is THE REAL DEAL .
  • NOUN 1: it has 14 mega pixel camera … n 4 x wide optical zoom …
• too
  • ADV 147: Read the entire article ; there ‘s a punchline , too .
  • PART 2: ( you can take breaks if you have too ) and repeat the steps after about 2 hours .
  • ADP 1: This is one of the best farms I have ever been too .
• 2
  • NUM 140: Analyst Team 2 : Coach : Doug Sewell
  • X 30: * 2 . The second ingredient is words , more precisely lies . *
  • PROPN 2: and it seems this is the FIRST site of ragnarok 2 hahaha since the site is new send me your suggestions and comments
  • ADP 1: go 2 starbucks do nt spend more than 20 bucks :)
  • PART 1: hi everyone …. just hav my hands on my new OLYMPUS X940 digital camera .. wel , i always wanted 2 hav one by sony .. but anyways , ended up having olympus X940 from my dad ……. does any1 already has it ?
• `s
  • VERB 8: Yo Mama `s so fat ….
  • PART 1: Her driver `s license says “ Picture continued on other side . “
  • AUX 1: Yo mama s so fat , she <b>s</b> got smaller fat women orbiting around her .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.384615 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.173735).

The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “not”: n, n’t, not, nt, t.

The 2nd highest number of forms (2) was observed with the lemma “to”: the, to.

The 3rd highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “’”: ’.

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 13 different relations: en-dep/mark (3922; 59% instances), en-dep/neg (1900; 28% instances), en-dep/case (797; 12% instances), en-dep/conj (20; 0% instances), en-dep/xcomp (16; 0% instances), en-dep/mwe (9; 0% instances), en-dep/advcl (8; 0% instances), en-dep/root (6; 0% instances), en-dep/ccomp (4; 0% instances), en-dep/parataxis (3; 0% instances), en-dep/compound (2; 0% instances), en-dep/advmod (1; 0% instances), en-dep/reparandum (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: VERB (5200; 78% instances), PROPN (540; 8% instances), NOUN (482; 7% instances), ADJ (325; 5% instances), ADV (73; 1% instances), PRON (33; 0% instances), AUX (14; 0% instances), DET (6; 0% instances), ROOT (6; 0% instances), NUM (5; 0% instances), SCONJ (2; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances), SYM (1; 0% instances)

6633 (99%) PART nodes are leaves.

27 (0%) PART nodes have one child.

17 (0%) PART nodes have two children.

12 (0%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 5.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 12 different relations: en-dep/punct (56; 54% instances), en-dep/mark (13; 13% instances), en-dep/advmod (12; 12% instances), en-dep/cc (7; 7% instances), en-dep/nmod (5; 5% instances), en-dep/advcl (3; 3% instances), en-dep/conj (2; 2% instances), en-dep/parataxis (2; 2% instances), en-dep/ccomp (1; 1% instances), en-dep/csubj (1; 1% instances), en-dep/discourse (1; 1% instances), en-dep/remnant (1; 1% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 7 different parts of speech: PUNCT (56; 54% instances), ADV (15; 14% instances), SCONJ (13; 13% instances), CONJ (7; 7% instances), NOUN (6; 6% instances), VERB (6; 6% instances), INTJ (1; 1% instances)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)

There are 1 PART lemmas (6%), 1 PART types (6%) and 3531 PART tokens (4%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 10 in number of lemmas, 10 in number of types and 10 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: _

The 10 most frequent PART types: _

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 15635, VERB 15080, PRON 10618, DET 10057, PUNCT 9580, ADP 8546, ADJ 5857, ADV 5704, AUX 4533, PART 3531, CONJ 3198, SCONJ 2516, PROPN 1795, NUM 844, INTJ 80, X 68, SYM 39)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: _ (NOUN 15635, VERB 15080, PRON 10618, DET 10057, PUNCT 9580, ADP 8546, ADJ 5857, ADV 5704, AUX 4533, PART 3531, CONJ 3198, SCONJ 2516, PROPN 1795, NUM 844, INTJ 80, X 68, SYM 39)

• _
  • NOUN 15635: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • VERB 15080: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • PRON 10618: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • DET 10057: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • PUNCT 9580: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • ADP 8546: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • ADJ 5857: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • ADV 5704: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • AUX 4533: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • PART 3531: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • CONJ 3198: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • SCONJ 2516: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • PROPN 1795: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • NUM 844: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • INTJ 80: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • X 68: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
  • SYM 39: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.000000).

The 1st highest number of forms (1) was observed with the lemma “_”: _.

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 11 different relations: en-dep/mark (2397; 68% instances), en-dep/neg (937; 27% instances), en-dep/case (168; 5% instances), en-dep/conj (7; 0% instances), en-dep/mwe (5; 0% instances), en-dep/nmod (5; 0% instances), en-dep/compound:prt (3; 0% instances), en-dep/nsubj (3; 0% instances), en-dep/xcomp (3; 0% instances), en-dep/advmod (2; 0% instances), en-dep/cc (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: VERB (2956; 84% instances), NOUN (246; 7% instances), ADJ (208; 6% instances), PROPN (52; 1% instances), ADV (31; 1% instances), PRON (18; 1% instances), AUX (6; 0% instances), NUM (5; 0% instances), SCONJ (4; 0% instances), DET (3; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)

3525 (100%) PART nodes are leaves.

4 (0%) PART nodes have one child.

2 (0%) PART nodes have two children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 2.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 7 different relations: en-dep/mwe (2; 25% instances), en-dep/advmod (1; 13% instances), en-dep/aux (1; 13% instances), en-dep/cop (1; 13% instances), en-dep/dobj (1; 13% instances), en-dep/nsubj (1; 13% instances), en-dep/punct (1; 13% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 7 different parts of speech: VERB (2; 25% instances), ADV (1; 13% instances), AUX (1; 13% instances), DET (1; 13% instances), PART (1; 13% instances), PRON (1; 13% instances), PUNCT (1; 13% instances)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)

There are 1 PART lemmas (6%), 7 PART types (0%) and 2131 PART tokens (3%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 10 in number of lemmas, 16 in number of types and 12 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: _

The 10 most frequent PART types: to, not, ‘s, n’t, s’, in, t’

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: _ (NOUN 14939, VERB 11076, PUNCT 10025, ADP 8281, DET 7865, PRON 7793, ADJ 5305, ADV 4610, AUX 3168, PROPN 2792, CONJ 2535, PART 2131, SCONJ 1512, NUM 581, INTJ 159, X 43, SYM 6)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: to (PART 1135, ADP 832), ’s (PART 296, VERB 136, AUX 50, PRON 1, PROPN 1), n’t (PART 220, ADV 32), in (ADP 1131, ADV 44, PART 3, ADJ 1)

• to
  • PART 1135: Select the line you want to copy and press CTRL – C .
  • ADP 832: Linking a page to a connection file
• ’s
  • PART 296: The converted data will be displayed as Mom ’s Boston Crab Meat .
  • VERB 136: It ’s all in the air .
  • AUX 50: It ’s even made out to you .
  • PRON 1: I got him from the new labour exchange – I thought , well , let ’s try it , so they send him along , five year s’ experience , everything fine .
  • PROPN 1: Molly ’s frantic – she ‘s coming now .
• n’t
  • PART 220: It could be that Auster had so much work he did n’t need to advertise .
  • ADV 32: I have been in some of them , and … well , we wo n’t talk about that .
• in
  • ADP 1131: Open the page in Access 2002 Design view .
  • ADV 44: You could depend on your criminal soldiers to bring in provisions .
  • PART 3: For electoral reasons and in order to appeal to the masses , the subject has been brought up again .
  • ADJ 1: What is most needed in this , as well as in other areas , is a serious in depth analysis of the problems .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 7.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 597.705882).

The 1st highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “_”: ’s, in, n’t, not, s’, t’, to.

PART does not occur with any features.

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 9 different relations: en-dep/mark (1155; 54% instances), en-dep/neg (629; 30% instances), en-dep/case (323; 15% instances), en-dep/advmod (11; 1% instances), en-dep/conj (5; 0% instances), en-dep/root (3; 0% instances), en-dep/amod (2; 0% instances), en-dep/dobj (2; 0% instances), en-dep/mwe (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: VERB (1562; 73% instances), NOUN (215; 10% instances), PROPN (192; 9% instances), ADJ (91; 4% instances), ADV (27; 1% instances), AUX (16; 1% instances), PRON (16; 1% instances), ROOT (3; 0% instances), DET (2; 0% instances), PUNCT (2; 0% instances), SCONJ (2; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances)

2114 (99%) PART nodes are leaves.

10 (0%) PART nodes have one child.

5 (0%) PART nodes have two children.

2 (0%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 5.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 12 different relations: en-dep/mwe (6; 21% instances), en-dep/mark (5; 17% instances), en-dep/punct (4; 14% instances), en-dep/advmod (2; 7% instances), en-dep/aux (2; 7% instances), en-dep/cc (2; 7% instances), en-dep/conj (2; 7% instances), en-dep/nsubj (2; 7% instances), en-dep/advcl (1; 3% instances), en-dep/case (1; 3% instances), en-dep/neg (1; 3% instances), en-dep/nmod (1; 3% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: ADP (5; 17% instances), NOUN (4; 14% instances), PUNCT (4; 14% instances), SCONJ (4; 14% instances), VERB (4; 14% instances), ADV (2; 7% instances), CONJ (2; 7% instances), PRON (2; 7% instances), AUX (1; 3% instances), PART (1; 3% instances)

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PART in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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