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aux:pass: passive auxiliary

The passive auxiliary is limited to the particle 被 bei6 used in a passive sentence structure where the agent is omitted. This usage is considered to be Mandarin in origin but is sometimes found in formal registers such as in newscasts.

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# visual-style 3 2 aux:pass	color:blue
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
1	受害者	_	NOUN	_	_	3	nsubj:pass	_	victim
2	被	_	AUX	_	_	3	aux:pass	_	PASS
3	勒索	_	VERB	_	_	0	root	_	blackmail

1	"The	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
2	victim	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
3	was	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
4	blackmailed."	_	_	_	_	0	_	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "NOUN", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AUX", [ [ 4, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "VERB", [ [ 6, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-T1", "_", [ [ 9, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-T2", "_", [ [ 14, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-T3", "_", [ [ 21, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-T4", "_", [ [ 25, 38 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R0", "nsubj:pass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R1", "aux:pass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R2", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-R0", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-R1", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-R2", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S2-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S2-R3", "_", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S2-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S2-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: victim" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: PASS" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Misc: blackmail" ], [ "embedded-1-S2-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S2-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S2-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S2-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "embedded-1-S1-T2", "aux:pass" ], "color", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "fgColor", "white" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "1", null ],
    "text": "受害者 被 勒索\n\"The victim was blackmailed.\"",
    "error": false
}

The regular way to construct a passive structure in Cantonese involves the prepositional marker 畀 bei2 followed by an obligatory agent noun; see obl:agent for details.

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aux:pass in other languages: [cs] [de] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [gd] [gsw] [it] [no] [pa] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sv] [u] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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