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UD Pesh ChibErgIS

Language: Pesh (code: pay)
Family: Chibchan

This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.15 release.

The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Natalia Cáceres Arandia, Claudine Chamoreau, Sylvain Kahane, Bruno Guillaume.

Repository: UD_Pesh-ChibErgIS
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.19

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

Genre: spoken

Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Pesh-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [natalia • caceres • arandia (æt) cnrs • fr]. Development of the treebank happens outside the UD repository. If there are bugs, either the original data source or the conversion procedure must be fixed. Do not submit pull requests against the UD repository.

Annotation	Source
Lemmas	annotated manually
UPOS	annotated manually, natively in UD style
XPOS	not available
Features	annotated manually, natively in UD style
Relations	annotated manually, natively in UD style

Description

A Universal Dependencies corpus for Pesh (aka Paya), a member of the Chibchan language family. The language is spoken by about 500 speakers in Honduras.

The treebank is an automatic conversion of the SUD_Pesh-ChibErgIS, which is an automatic conversion of the mSUD_Pesh-ChibErgIS which was extracted from Claudine Chamoreau and Natalia Cáceres interlinearized corpus in Flex format, itself an extension of an oral corpus documented by Claudine Chamoreau (https://www.elararchive.org/dk0392).

The corpus can be found here

Metadata

Sentences are annotated with the following metadata:

• speaker_id (which identifies the turn of speech)
• sent_timecode (which will enable playback of the sentence)
• morphemic_text (original segmentation of the text into morphemes)
• text (lexical tokenization)
• text_en (English interpretation)
• text_phrase-gls-de (original id)
• text_phrase-gls-es (Spanish interpretation)
• text_phrase-gls-it (IPA transcription)
• text_phrase-gls-pro (prosodic transcription)
• text_phrase-gls-tl (original comments in Flex)
• text_phrase-gls-wg (original word-gloss in Flex) -

Description

The original Pesh data are spoken data, which were segmented in words with concatenated clitics, then interlinearized and glossed in Flex with clitics as separate tokens. Tokens include words and clitics (preceded by a “=” sign).

– 2024-11-15 v2.15 – This version of the treebank is a dependency parsing of four initial text files (008_Childhood, 086_Wisinka, 103_MotherFish, 165_RabbitTiger).

Total count: 2,507 tokens for 307 sentences.

– 2025-05-15 v2.16 – This version of the treebank contains three additional text files (085_MotheFishPrankster, 100_Laguna, 151_Hunting).

Total count: 4,275 tokens for 524 sentences.

– 2026-11-15 v2.19 – This version of the treebank contains one additional partially annotated text (005_EvilEye) and some annotation revisions.

Total count: 4,330 tokens for 529 sentences.

Development

The corpus is maintained here in the SUD framework and automatically converted into UD using the Grew software with the conversions rules described here.

References

• Chamoreau, Claudine. 2015. A cross-varietal documentation and description of Pesh, a Chibchan language of Honduras. Endangered Languages Archive. Handle: http://hdl.handle.net/2196/00-0000-0000-000F-BF49-B
• Chamoreau, Claudine & Cáceres Arandia, Natalia. 2024. Texts in Indigenous Languages of the Americas: Texts in Three Varieties of Pesh [TILA 4]. International Journal of American Linguistics, 90 (S1).

Acknowledgments

This treebank was produced as part of the ChibErgIS and Autogramm ANR projects.

Data collection: Claudine Chamoreau

Morphological interlinearization: Claudine Chamoreau, Natalia Cáceres Arandia

Syntactic annotation: Natalia Cáceres Arandia

Discussion and advice on SUD annotation: Sylvain Kahane, Bruno Guillaume, Aleksandra Miletic

Conversion to CoNLLu format: Christian Chanard, Uyên-To Rabier

UD conversion and handling of data validation : Bruno Guillaume

Acknowledgments

Statistics of UD Pesh ChibErgIS

POS Tags

ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – VERB – X

Features

AdvType – Animacy – Case – Clusivity – ExtPos – Person – PronType – VerbForm – Voice

Relations

acl – acl:relcl – advcl – advmod – appos – aux – case – cc – ccomp – compound – compound:lvc – compound:svc – conj – cop – csubj – dep – dep:conj – det – discourse – dislocated – flat:name – mark – nmod – nsubj – nsubj:outer – nsubj:pass – nummod – obj – obl – obl:arg – obl:lmod – obl:mod – obl:tmod – orphan – parataxis – punct – reparandum – root – vocative – xcomp

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

• This corpus contains 529 sentences and 4331 tokens.

• All tokens in this corpus are followed by a space.

• This corpus does not contain words with spaces.

• This corpus contains 16 types of words that contain both letters and punctuation. Examples: San.Esteban, akasteʃk(w)a, amaspariʃkaw(a), kaparbar(w)a, kapaʃbar(w)a, ke,, nãpar(w)a, sukuher(w)a, tVerw(a), tarkasakw(a), teʔkertVw(a), tokker(w)a, yãhaw(a), yãhbar(w)a, ãer(w)a, ʃair(w)a

Morphology

Tags

• This corpus uses 15 UPOS tags out of 17 possible: ADP, ADV, AUX, CCONJ, DET, INTJ, NOUN, NUM, PART, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, SCONJ, VERB, X
• This corpus does not use the following tags: ADJ, SYM

• This corpus contains 80 word types tagged as particles (PART): =eri, =ha, =hã, =hãʔ, =hĩ, =i, =kan, =kanka, =kanke, =kari, =ken, =lerwa, =ma, =mã, =n, =na, =ni, =pa, =pe, =pera, =pero, =pes, =pra, =ra, =ras, =ri, =rike, =rina, =riʃ, =riʃka, =ro, =sa, =sah, =sri, =tV, =tVh, =tWh, =wi, =wĩ, =wĩʔ, =ɲãrã, =ʃona, =ʃonwa, =ʔi, =ʔã, =ʔĩ, akareke, akarʃki, akarʃkwa, akaʃki, akaʃkwa, akes, akãʃkwa, ama, awah, awãhã, ika, ka, karʃwĩka, neʔa, niʔ, nĩhã, nẽhã, nẽʔ, nẽʔã, rũ, to, tuʔ, ukwa, ukwã, uria, yarʃ, ãkaʃkwa, ãkẽ, ãm, ãma, ãmã, ĩka, ũtanĩhã, ẽkerʃ

• This corpus contains 22 lemmas tagged as pronouns (PRON): =wa, _, ata, atʃah, bersk, eka, este, ka, pa, pak, sã, ta, tas, to, tokk, toʔ, wa, warahk, ã, ĩ, ẽh, ẽka

• This corpus contains 10 lemmas tagged as determiners (DET): =na, =nã, =pero, =s, =ɲa, =ɲã, =ɲãh, _, as, ãs

• Out of the above, 1 lemmas occurred sometimes as PRON and sometimes as DET: _

• This corpus contains 5 lemmas tagged as auxiliaries (AUX): _, ak, ka, r, tʃa

• Out of the above, 4 lemmas occurred sometimes as AUX and sometimes as VERB: ak, ka, r, tʃa

• There are 1 (de)verbal forms:

• Inf
  • VERB: artʃuiʃ

Nominal Features

• Animacy

• Hum
  • NOUN: taarwã

• Case

• Abs
  • ADP: =ra, =ro
  • SCONJ: =ro

• Erg
  • ADP: =ya, =yã

• Nom
  • ADP: =ma

Degree and Polarity

Verbal Features

• Voice

• Appl
  • AUX: akatʃaitVri, akatʃaui, takatʃai, takatʃaii, takatʃauwa, takatʃawa, ũtakatʃaitVi
  • VERB: artʃuiʃkari, artʃuiʃatVri, tarwarkuh, akasteʃkawa, akastok, arilerwa, arka, arkapriʃi, artapuki, artuhtVhi
  • VERB-Inf: artʃuiʃ

• Cau
  • VERB: ũkawa, kũteʃki, kũteʃkiwã, ũweerwa, ũwarahparh

• Mid
  • VERB: taõʃi, atʃi, taiʃkari, taõʃ, taõʃkerwa, taõʃki, taiʃkwa, taroʔki, tawarki, taõʃwa

• Rcp
  • VERB: apuru, tVkaeri, tVkairi

Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers

• PronType

• Int
  • ADP: =kanki
  • PART: =kanka

• Person

• 1
  • AUX: tʃatVpa, =bartVwa
  • VERB: piãpa, kaporpa, teʔpa, tʃãpa, yãhpa, akonapa, artʃuiʃpa, iʃpa, kapai, kawiʃpa

• 2
  • AUX: =rya
  • VERB: nẽya, kaya, takaya, tʃãya

• 3
  • VERB: kawiʃkawa

Other Features

• AdvType
  • Ideoph
    • ADV: tõʃ, kluk, roh, teʔne, tukuluk, tʃas

• Clusivity
  • Ex
    • AUX: tʃabaruri, =barwa, =bari, tʃaberuri, tʃaberwa, ʃãbartVwa, =bartVwa, ũtakatʃaitVi
    • NOUN: ũtaoryah, ũtayãha, ũtakaki, ũtaoryaha, ũtasira, ũtasuwa, ũtasãma
    • PART: ũtanĩhã
    • PRON: ũtas
    • VERB: tiʃbarwa, teʔbarwa, atʃahbari, teʔbariwã, artʃuiʃbartVi, kapaʃbarwa, pipabertVpi, teʔbarh, ameʃbarwa, apasbartViwã
  • In
    • NOUN: patatiʃta, patakata, patakãã, pataoryah, pataʃaa, patabri, patakatah, patasaʔa, patasã, pataya
    • PRON: pata
    • VERB: ãparh, amaskapiwa, amasparwa, nãparh, ʃapari, ʃãpari, akatipari, amaspari, iʃparwa, kapari

• ExtPos
  • DET
    • PRON: ã, ĩ, toʔ, to

Syntax

Auxiliary Verbs and Copula

• This corpus uses 2 lemmas as copulas (cop). Examples: _, r.

• This corpus uses 4 lemmas as auxiliaries (aux). Examples: tʃa, ak, ka, r.

Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts

Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).

• nsubj
  • VERB--NOUN (50)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(=ma) (7)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(=mã) (1)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(=ya) (5)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(_) (8)
  • VERB--PRON (16)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(=ma) (9)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(=ma)-ADP(=ma) (1)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(=mã) (2)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(_) (9)

• obj
  • VERB--NOUN (66)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(=ma) (5)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(=ra) (2)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(=yo) (1)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(_) (7)
  • VERB--PRON (24)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(=ken) (1)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(=ma) (4)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(=ra) (4)
  • VERB--PRON-ADP(_) (6)
  • VERB-Inf--PRON (1)

• iobj

Relations Overview

• This corpus uses 11 relation subtypes: acl:relcl, compound:lvc, compound:svc, dep:conj, flat:name, nsubj:outer, nsubj:pass, obl:arg, obl:lmod, obl:mod, obl:tmod
• The following 1 main types are not used alone, they are always subtyped: flat
• The following 7 relation types are not used in this corpus at all: iobj, expl, amod, clf, fixed, list, goeswith

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