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aux: auxiliary

An AUX (auxiliary) of a clause is a function word associated with a verbal predicate; the auxiliary expresses categories such as tense, mood, aspect, voice or evidentiality. It is often a verb (which may have non-auxiliary uses as well). The aux dependency is established between the verb head and the auxiliary and it is directed from the verb to the auxiliary.

The main auxiliary of Pomak is the verb som “I am”, whose various morphological types help form the perfect tenses (Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect - both Simple and Continuous, both Active and Passive Voice):

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
fátiho trimína ad Bagladés óti so predávali  pres ádje 
"they caught three (people) from Bangladesh because they were selling without (a) permit"
aux (so, predávali)  
{
    "text": "fátiho trimína ad Bagladés óti so predávali pres ádje ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 15, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 27, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 31, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 34, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 44, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 49, 53 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
tja je húbbava 
"she is good"
root (húbbava)
aux (je, húbbava)
nsubj (tja, húbbava)
{
    "text": "tja je húbbava ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 14 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

Yet, there are two exceptions, when som has the meaning “to exist” and when it functions as an impersonal verb with a clausal subject; in such cases, som is assigned the PoS VERB and is considered the head of its clause:

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
je górmon ad pó napréš itám  
"a forest is nearby" 
root (je)
nsubj (je, górmon)
{
    "text": "je górmon ad pó napréš itám ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 16, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 23, 27 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R3", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
tébe tí je jálnis da rečéš krívo 
lit:  to-you it is only to speak wicked 
"all you can do is to speak the wicked" 
root(je)
csubj(je, rečéš)
{
    "text": "tébe tí je jálnis da rečéš krívo ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 11, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 21, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 27, 32 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R4", "csubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

Another auxiliary of Pomak is šom. še “will” is it’s most frequent type and is used to form the Future Tense (both Simple and Continuous, Active and Passive Voice):

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
ja še tí dam halvá 
I will give you halva (a kind of a candy)
aux (še, dam)
{
    "text": "ja še tí dam halvá ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 9, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T5", "token", [ [ 13, 18 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R2", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

---

aux in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [id] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [myv] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

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