Number: number
| Values: | Assoc | Coll | Plur | Ptan | Sing |
In Armenian, Number is a feature of nouns and of parts of speech that agree with nouns, such as personal pronouns and verbs.
Sing: singular number
A singular noun denotes one person, animal, or thing.
Examples:
- գիրք/girkʼ “book”, լեռ/leṙ “mountain”, խնձոր/xnjor “apple”, գնացք/gnacʼkʼ “train”
Pronouns that refer to a single person, animal or thing are also marked with this feature.
- Ես, ինքս, իմ/es, inkʼs, im “I, myself, my”
- դու, ինքդ, քո/dow, inkʼd, kʼo “you, yourself, your”
- նա, ինքը, իր/na, inkʼë, ir “he, himself, his; she, herself, her; it, itself, its”
Demonstrative pronouns referring to singular entities are marked with this feature, whereas demonstrative determiners are not, regardless of whether the modified noun is singular or plural (e.g. այս գիրքը/գրքերը/ays girkʼë/grkʼerë “this book/books”; այդ գիրքը/գրքերը/ayd girkʼë/grkʼerë “that book/books (medial)”, այն գիրքը/գրքերը/ayn girkʼë/grkʼerë “that book/books”).
- սա/sa “this”
- դա/da “that (medial)”
- նա/na “that”
- այն/ayn “that, it”
Plur: plural number
A plural noun denotes several persons, animals, or things.
Examples:
- գրքեր/grkʼer “books”, լեռներ/leṙner “mountains”, խնձորներ/xnjorner “apples”, գնացքներ “trains”
Pronouns that refer to several persons, animals or things are also marked with this feature.
- մենք, ինքներս, մեր/menkʼ, inkʼners, mer “we, ourselves, our”
- դուք, ինքներդ, ձեր “you, yourselves, your”
- նրանք, ինքները, իրենց “they, themselves, their”
Demonstrative pronouns referring to plural entities, are marked with this feature, whereas demonstrative determiners are not, regardless of whether the modified noun is singular or plural (e.g. այս գիրքը/գրքերը/ays girkʼë/grkʼerë “this book/books”; այդ գիրքը/գրքերը/ayd girkʼë/grkʼerë “that book/books (medial)”, այն գիրքը/գրքերը/ayn girkʼë/grkʼerë “that book/books”).
- սրանք/srankʼ “these”
- դրանք/drankʼ “those (medial)”
- նրանք/nrankʼ “those”
Ptan: plurale tantum
Some geographical or biological/botanical names appear only in the plural form even though they denote one thing (semantic singular). These proper nouns are marked as Ptan (plurale tantum). Grammatically they behave like singulars, so Ptan is obviously the back-off value here.
Examples
- Ալպեր/Alper “The Alps”
- Ապալաչներ/Apalačner “Appalachian Mountains”
- կատվազգիներ/katvazginer “Felidae”
- վարդազգիներ/vardazginer “Rosaceae”
Assoc: associative plural
In Armenian, some nouns, proper nouns and pronouns occur in plural forms denoting constructions like ‘X and other people associated with X’. These plural forms consist of a noun X (typically referring to humans, usually a person’s name or a kin term) and one of the suffixes -ենք/-enkʼ, -անք/-ankʼ, -ոնք/-onkʼ, -ունք/-ownkʼ.
As nominal syntactic subjects, associative plural forms are grammatically indefinite (even though they are known and concrete).
Examples:
- պապոնք/paponkʼ “the grandfather and other people associated with him”
- հայրիկենք/hayrikenkʼ “the father and other people associated with him”
- իմոնք/imonkʼ “me and other people associated with me”
- մերոնք/meronkʼ “we and other people associated with us”
- քոնոնք/kʼononkʼ “you (
Sing) and other people associated with you” - ձերոնք/jeronkʼ “you (
Plur) and other people associated with you” - Վարդանանք/Vardanankʼ “Vardan and other people associated with him”
- Արամենք/Aramenkʼ “Aram and other people associated with him”
Coll: collective / mass / singulare tantum
Collective or mass or singulare tantum is a special case of singular. It applies to words that use grammatical singular to describe sets of objects, i.e. semantic plural. Although these nouns can form plurals in Armenian, in practice the plural form means “several sorts of” or “several packages of”. We mark these forms as Plur.
Examples:
- մարդկություն/mardkowtʼyown “mankind”
- գութ/gowtʼ “compassion”
- կաթ/katʼ “milk”
- պողպատ/poġpat “steel”
Number in other languages: [ab] [arr] [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [bor] [cs] [ctn] [cy] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [eu] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gn] [gub] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [ky] [myv] [naq] [oge] [orv] [pal] [pcm] [ps] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj] [xcl] [xmf]