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acl: clausal modifier of noun

acl stands for finite and non-finite clauses that modify a noun, in contrast to the advcl relation which is used for adverbial clauses that modify a predicate. The head of the acl relation is the noun that is modified, and the dependent is the head of the clause that modifies the noun.

These modifiers include infinitive and participial modifiers (correspond to infmod and partmod in the original Turku Dependency Treebank). Instead, the third possible type of clausal modifiers of nouns, relative clause modifier (acl:relcl), is defined as a subtype of acl.

Minulla oli lupa mennä ulos . \n I had permission to_go out .
nmod:own(oli-2, Minulla-1)
nsubj(oli-2, lupa-3)
acl(lupa-3, mennä-4)
advmod(mennä-4, ulos-5)
punct(oli-2, .-6)

The participial modifier is a participle verb which modifies a noun phrase. Note that the participle can take arguments, for instance a subject, just as any verb. (Also the MA-derivation is treated as a participle in UD Finnish.)

Äidin leipoma kakku oli menestys . \n Mother baked_by cake was success .
nsubj(leipoma-2, Äidin-1)
acl(kakku-3, leipoma-2)
nsubj:cop(menestys-5, kakku-3)
cop(menestys-5, oli-4)
punct(menestys-5, .-6)
Saadut lahjat ilahduttivat lapsia . \n Received presents made_happy children .
acl(lahjat-2, Saadut-1)
nsubj(ilahduttivat-3, lahjat-2)
dobj(ilahduttivat-3, lapsia-4)
punct(ilahduttivat-3, .-5)

Occasionally, participial verb forms can modify a verb as well. These uses include cases that are clearly modifiers, as well as some more complement-like situations. In the complement-like situations, one of the clausal complement types (ccomp, xcomp or xcomp:ds) should be used, whereas modifiers are marked as adverbial clause modifiers (advcl).

Huolestuneena juoksin hänen luokseen . \n Worried I_ran him to .
advcl(juoksin-2, Huolestuneena-1)
nmod(juoksin-2, hänen-3)
case(hänen-3, luokseen-4)
punct(juoksin-2, .-5)
Ksylitoli osoittautui kariesta ehkäiseväksi . \n Xylitol turned_out karies preventing .
nsubj(osoittautui-2, Ksylitoli-1)
xcomp(osoittautui-2, ehkäiseväksi-4)
dobj(ehkäiseväksi-4, kariesta-3)
punct(osoittautui-2, .-5)

Diffs

Turku Dependency Treebank

We do not attempt to distinguish modifiers including secondary predication from other type of modifiers. Therefore, optional predicative like modifiers are attached to the main verb with one of the modifier relations.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)

This relation is universal. There are 1 language-specific subtypes of acl: acl:relcl.

3263 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as acl.

2895 instances of acl (89%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.508121360711.

The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (3040; 93% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (171; 5% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (21; 1% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (18; 1% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/SYM-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5 4 acl	color:blue
1	Jumituin	jumittua	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
2	heti	heti	ADV	Adv	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	ensimmäiselle	ensimmäinen	ADJ	Num	Case=All|Number=Sing|NumType=Ord	4	nummod	_	_
4	näkemälleni	nähdä	VERB	V	Case=All|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|PartForm=Agt|Person[psor]=1|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act	5	acl	_	_
5	seinälle	seinä	NOUN	N	Case=All|Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	1	punct	_	_

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 6 5 acl	color:blue
1	Suurin	suuri	ADJ	A	Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Number=Sing	2	amod	_	_
2	pettymys	pettymys	NOUN	N	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	6	nsubj:cop	_	_
3	oli	olla	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	6	cop	_	_
4	alkulohkoonsa	alku#lohko	NOUN	N	Case=Ill|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3	5	nmod	_	_
5	jäänyt	jäädä	VERB	V	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act	6	acl	_	_
6	Espanja	Espanja	PROPN	N	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	6	punct	_	_

# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5 6 acl	color:blue
1	Nyt	nyt	ADV	Adv	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	vielä	vielä	ADV	Adv	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	on	olla	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
4	liian	liian	ADV	Adv	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	kylmä	kylmä	ADJ	A	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
6	värkätä	värkätä	VERB	V	InfForm=1|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	5	acl	_	_
7	lämmittämättömässä	lämmittää	ADJ	A	Case=Ine|Degree=Pos|Derivation=Ton|Number=Sing	8	amod	_	_
8	työtilassani	työ#tila	NOUN	N	Case=Ine|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	3	punct	_	_


Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

This relation is universal.

1746 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as acl.

1728 instances of acl (99%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 3.91695303550974.

The following 26 pairs of parts of speech are connected with acl: fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (1037; 59% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (284; 16% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (106; 6% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (78; 4% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (54; 3% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/NOUN (47; 3% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/ADJ (45; 3% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (32; 2% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (11; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/NOUN (9; 1% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PRON (6; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/NOUN (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/ADJ (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/ADJ (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/PRON (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/ADJ (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/DET-fi-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 5 8 acl	color:blue
1	Minun	minä	DET	Pron,Pers,Sg1,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	det	_	_
2	luokallani	luokka	NOUN	N,Sg,Ade,PxSg1	Case=Ade|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1	3	nmod	_	_
3	on	olla	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
4	eräs	eräs	DET	Pron,Qnt,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	5	det	_	_
5	lapsi	lapsi	NOUN	N,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	Pun	_	5	punct	_	_
7	joka	joka	PRON	Pron,Rel,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	asuu	asua	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg3	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	5	acl	_	_
9	varuskunnan	varuskunta	NOUN	N,Sg,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
10	lähellä	lähellä	ADP	Adp	_	9	case	_	_
11	.	.	PUNCT	Pun	_	10	punct	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 3 4 acl	color:blue
1	Tottakai	tottakai	ADV	Pcle	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	olen	olla	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Pres,Sg1	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	3	cop	_	_
3	valmis	valmis	ADJ	A,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	tekemään	tehdä	VERB	V,Act,InfMa,Ill	Case=Ill|InfForm=3|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	3	acl	_	_
5	kaikenlaisia	kaikenlainen	ADJ	A,Qnt,Pl,Par	Case=Par|Number=Plur	6	amod	_	_
6	töitä	työ	NOUN	N,Pl,Par	Case=Par|Number=Plur	4	dobj	_	_
7	.	.	PUNCT	Pun	_	6	punct	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 4 acl	color:blue
1	Ei	ei	VERB	V,Neg,Act,Sg3	Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
2	sinne	sinne	ADV	Adv,Dem	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	_
3	mistä	mistä	ADV	Adv,Rel	PronType=Rel	4	advmod	_	_
4	tulemme	tulla	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Pres,Pl1	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	2	acl	_	_
5	eikä	ei	VERB	V,Neg,Act,Sg3,Ka	Clitic=Ka|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act	6	neg	_	_
6	sieltä	sieltä	ADV	Adv,Dem	PronType=Dem	2	conj	_	_
7	mihin	mihin	ADV	Adv,Rel	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
8	olemme	olla	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Pres,Pl1	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	6	acl	_	_
9	menossa	meno	NOUN	N,Sg,Ine	Case=Ine|Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	Pun	_	9	punct	_	_


acl in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]