root: root
The root grammatical relation points to the root of the sentence. A
fake node ROOT is used as the governor. The ROOT node is indexed
with 0, since the indexing of real words in the sentence starts at 1.
ROOT Miluju indická jídla . \n ROOT I-love Indian food .
root(ROOT-1, Miluju)
root(ROOT-7, I-love)
Since release 1.2 of the Czech UD treebank,
there is just one node with the root dependency relation in every
tree. If the main predicate is not present (due to
ellipsis)
and there are
multiple orphaned dependents, the leftmost dependent is promoted to
the head (root) position and the other orphans are attached to it.
An example sentence-like segment that lacks the main verb: A co na to [říká] MF? “And what [does] MF [say] to it?”
ROOT A co na to MF ? \n ROOT And what to it MF ?
root(ROOT-1, A)
root(ROOT-9, And)
dobj(A, co)
dobj(And, what)
nmod(A, to-5)
nmod(And, it)
case(to-5, na)
case(it, to-12)
nsubj(A, MF-6)
nsubj(And, MF-14)
punct(A, ?-7)
punct(And, ?-15)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This relation is universal.
87913 nodes (6%) are attached to their parents as root.
87913 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 5.53828216532253.
The following 14 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/VERB (63219; 72% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/NOUN (11517; 13% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/PROPN (5363; 6% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/ADJ (4894; 6% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/NUM (1219; 1% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/ADV (890; 1% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/PRON (556; 1% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/PART (140; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/PUNCT (33; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/CONJ (31; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/INTJ (17; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/SYM (16; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/ADP (11; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/SCONJ (7; 0% instances).
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1 Potřebujete potřebovat VERB VB-P---2P-AA--- Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
2 rychle rychle ADV Dg-------1A---- Degree=Pos|Negative=Pos 3 advmod _ LDeriv=rychlý
3 poradit poradit VERB Vf--------A---- Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 1 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
4 ? ? PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
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1 | | PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
2 Rady rada NOUN NNFP1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 0 root _ LId=rada-1|LGloss=(př._dát_někomu_dobrou_radu)
3 na na ADP RR--4---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 4 case _ LId=na-1
4 telefon telefon NOUN NNIS4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _
5 | | PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
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1 P P PROPN NNMXX-----A---8 Abbr=Yes|Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Negative=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No|LId=P-0
2 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
3 L L PROPN NNMXX-----A---8 Abbr=Yes|Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|NameType=Sur|Negative=Pos 1 name _ SpaceAfter=No|LId=L-9
4 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
6 Ostrava Ostrava PROPN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 1 dep _ _
root in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]