cc: coordinating conjunction
Coordinating conjunctions are marked as dependents of the first
coordinated element, and the dependency type used is cc.
Coordinating conjunctions that consist of parts separated by
coordinated elements are annotated so that the first part is marked with
the type cc:preconj and the second part with cc in the regular
fashion. Adjacent parts of acting as a single conjunction are joined
together with the mwe dependency relation with the initial word
as the head and others as direct dependents of this word.
Coordinating conjunctions are a closed class of words, and the main conjunctions are as follows:
- ja “and”
- sekä “and”
- sekä… että “both… and”
- -kä “attached to negation words, nor”
- eli “a.k.a.”
- tai “or”
- vai “or” (in a question context)
- joko… tai “either… or”
- mutta “but”
- vaan “but” (in a negative context)
In addition, certain less frequent words or combinations of words are marked as coordinating conjunctions in TDT, namely:
- &
- elikkä “colloquial version of eli, a.k.a”
- ja / tai “and / or”
- ja toisaalta “and on the other hand”
- kuin “as/like”
- kuin myös “as also”
- kuten “like also”
- milloin… milloin “when… when”
- mitä… sitä “the… the”
- niin… kuin “as well as”
- niin kuin “like”
- paitsi että “except that” (a two-part preconjunction, see cc:preconj)
- paitsi… myös “not only… but also”
- saati “let alone”
- saati että “let alone that”
- saatikka “let alone”
- samoin kuin “the same way as”
- siinä missä “as much as”
- sitä… mitä “the… the”
- sitä mukaa… mitä (a version of “the… the”)
- sun muuta “et cetera”
- toisaalta… ja/mutta toisaalta “on the one hand… and/but on the other hand”
- toisaalta… toisaalta “on the one hand… on the other hand”
- vaikka “although” (also a subordinating conjunction)
- vuoroin… ja vuoroin “in turn… and in turn”
- vuoroin… vuoroin “in turn… in turn”
- yhtä lailla… kuin (+kin) “as well as (also)”
- ym. “etc.”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of cc: cc:preconj.
7420 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as cc.
7200 instances of cc (97%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.40350404312668.
The following 30 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cc: NOUN-CONJ (2908; 39% instances), VERB-CONJ (2761; 37% instances), ADJ-CONJ (602; 8% instances), PROPN-CONJ (586; 8% instances), ADV-CONJ (139; 2% instances), VERB-VERB (118; 2% instances), NUM-CONJ (88; 1% instances), PRON-CONJ (78; 1% instances), NOUN-VERB (40; 1% instances), ADJ-VERB (23; 0% instances), SYM-CONJ (13; 0% instances), X-CONJ (11; 0% instances), NOUN-ADV (10; 0% instances), PROPN-SYM (7; 0% instances), ADV-VERB (6; 0% instances), VERB-ADV (6; 0% instances), ADP-CONJ (4; 0% instances), ADV-ADV (2; 0% instances), AUX-CONJ (2; 0% instances), NOUN-NOUN (2; 0% instances), NOUN-SYM (2; 0% instances), NUM-VERB (2; 0% instances), PRON-VERB (2; 0% instances), X-VERB (2; 0% instances), ADV-NOUN (1; 0% instances), ADV-SCONJ (1; 0% instances), PROPN-ADV (1; 0% instances), PROPN-VERB (1; 0% instances), PROPN-X (1; 0% instances), X-X (1; 0% instances).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is universal.
4727 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as cc.
4076 instances of cc (86%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.89485931880685.
The following 14 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cc: VERB-CONJ (1956; 41% instances), NOUN-CONJ (1595; 34% instances), ADJ-CONJ (533; 11% instances), PROPN-CONJ (333; 7% instances), ADV-CONJ (137; 3% instances), PRON-CONJ (77; 2% instances), NUM-CONJ (50; 1% instances), ADP-CONJ (11; 0% instances), PART-CONJ (11; 0% instances), SCONJ-CONJ (10; 0% instances), DET-CONJ (7; 0% instances), X-CONJ (4; 0% instances), INTJ-CONJ (2; 0% instances), X-X (1; 0% instances).
cc in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]