This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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AUX: auxiliary verb

An auxiliary verb is a verb that accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense, mood, aspect, and voice.

Finnish modal verbs are counted as auxiliaries. Finnish auxiliary and modal verbs are

Examples

References


Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)

There are 10 AUX lemmas (0%), 190 AUX types (0%) and 3580 AUX tokens (2%). Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of AUX is: 15 in number of lemmas, 11 in number of types and 10 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent AUX lemmas: olla, voida, pitää, saattaa, täytyä, joutua, aikoa, taitaa, tarvita, mahtaa

The 10 most frequent AUX types: on, voi, oli, olisi, ovat, voidaan, ole, voisi, pitäisi, pitää

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: olla (VERB 5609, AUX 2257), voida (AUX 822, VERB 3), pitää (VERB 246, AUX 196, NOUN 4), saattaa (AUX 86, VERB 12, NOUN 5), joutua (VERB 59, AUX 54, NOUN 4), aikoa (AUX 35, VERB 3), taitaa (AUX 34, VERB 2, ADV 1), tarvita (VERB 112, AUX 30), mahtaa (AUX 7, VERB 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: on (VERB 2269, AUX 1173, PROPN 4, ADV 1), voi (AUX 335, INTJ 3, NOUN 2, VERB 1), oli (VERB 864, AUX 249), olisi (AUX 190, VERB 128), ovat (VERB 344, AUX 150), ole (VERB 308, AUX 132), pitäisi (AUX 74, VERB 3), pitää (VERB 70, AUX 56), olen (VERB 54, AUX 30), saattaa (AUX 39, VERB 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of AUX is 19.000000 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.036755).

The 1st highest number of forms (58) was observed with the lemma “olla”: Olenkin, Onhan, Oom, lie, lien, liene, lienevät, o, ois, oisin, ole, olekaan, olemme, olen, olenkaan, olenko, olet, olette, olevalla, olevan, oli, olikaan, olikin, oliko, olimme, olin, olinkin, olinko, olis, olisi, olisikin, olisiko, olisimme, olisin, olisit, olisivat, olivat, olivatkin, olla, ollaan, olleet, ollu, ollut, ollutkaan, oltais, oltiin, oltu, on, onkin, onko, onks, onpas, oo, oon, oot, ootteko, ovat, ovatkin.

The 2nd highest number of forms (46) was observed with the lemma “voida”: Voihan, Voimmehan, Voinen, Voisinpa, Voisitko, Voiskos, voi, voida, voidaan, voidaanhan, voidakaan, voidakseen, voidaksemme, voikaan, voiko, voimme, voimmeko, voin, voinee, voineet, voinu, voinut, vois, voisi, voisikaan, voisikin, voisiko, voisimme, voisin, voisitteko, voisivat, voisivatkin, voit, voitaisiin, voitaisiinkin, voitas, voitava, voitiin, voitko, voitte, voitu, voivan, voivani, voivansa, voivasi, voivat.

The 3rd highest number of forms (15) was observed with the lemma “joutua”: jouduin, jouduinkin, joudun, joudutaan, jouduttiin, jouduttu, joutua, joutui, joutuisi, joutuisinko, joutuisivat, joutuivat, joutunut, joutuu, joutuvat.

AUX occurs with 16 features: fi-feat/VerbForm (3580; 100% instances), fi-feat/Mood (3421; 96% instances), fi-feat/Voice (3285; 92% instances), fi-feat/Number (3080; 86% instances), fi-feat/Person (2921; 82% instances), fi-feat/Tense (2914; 81% instances), fi-feat/Connegative (324; 9% instances), fi-feat/Case (132; 4% instances), fi-feat/Degree (127; 4% instances), fi-feat/PartForm (127; 4% instances), fi-feat/Clitic (106; 3% instances), fi-feat/Style (52; 1% instances), fi-feat/InfForm (32; 1% instances), fi-feat/Person[psor] (9; 0% instances), fi-feat/Number[psor] (3; 0% instances), fi-feat/Typo (3; 0% instances)

AUX occurs with 40 feature-value pairs: Case=Ade, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Nom, Case=Tra, Clitic=Han, Clitic=Kaan, Clitic=Kin, Clitic=Ko, Clitic=Ko,S, Clitic=Pa, Clitic=Pa,S, Connegative=Yes, Degree=Pos, InfForm=1, InfForm=2, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Ind, Mood=Pot, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Number[psor]=Plur, Number[psor]=Sing, PartForm=Past, PartForm=Pres, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Person[psor]=1, Person[psor]=2, Person[psor]=3, Style=Coll, Tense=Past, Tense=Pres, Typo=Yes, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part, Voice=Act, Voice=Pass

AUX occurs with 101 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act (1624 tokens). Examples: on, voi, pitää, täytyy, saattaa, aikoo, taitaa, joutuu, mahtaa

Relations

AUX nodes are attached to their parents using 6 different relations: fi-dep/aux (2899; 81% instances), fi-dep/auxpass (665; 19% instances), fi-dep/root (8; 0% instances), fi-dep/advcl (3; 0% instances), fi-dep/conj (3; 0% instances), fi-dep/ccomp (2; 0% instances)

Parents of AUX nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: VERB (3360; 94% instances), ADJ (94; 3% instances), NOUN (77; 2% instances), ADV (27; 1% instances), ROOT (8; 0% instances), PRON (7; 0% instances), NUM (4; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

3562 (99%) AUX nodes are leaves.

4 (0%) AUX nodes have one child.

7 (0%) AUX nodes have two children.

7 (0%) AUX nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a AUX node is 7.

Children of AUX nodes are attached using 13 different relations: fi-dep/punct (13; 27% instances), fi-dep/advmod (6; 13% instances), fi-dep/nsubj (6; 13% instances), fi-dep/mark (5; 10% instances), fi-dep/neg (5; 10% instances), fi-dep/nmod (3; 6% instances), fi-dep/cc (2; 4% instances), fi-dep/conj (2; 4% instances), fi-dep/dobj (2; 4% instances), fi-dep/advcl (1; 2% instances), fi-dep/aux (1; 2% instances), fi-dep/discourse (1; 2% instances), fi-dep/parataxis (1; 2% instances)

Children of AUX nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: PUNCT (13; 27% instances), VERB (11; 23% instances), PRON (6; 13% instances), ADV (5; 10% instances), NOUN (4; 8% instances), SCONJ (4; 8% instances), CONJ (2; 4% instances), AUX (1; 2% instances), INTJ (1; 2% instances), NUM (1; 2% instances)


AUX in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]