PART

This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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`PART`: particle

The UD Finnish annotation does not use the u-pos/PART part of speech. See ADV, ADP, CONJ, SCONJ, INTJ for tags applying to words that have been termed “particles” in some descriptions of Finnish.

References

http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=792 (in Finnish)
http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=793 (in Finnish)

Diffs

FinnTreeBank

The FI_FTB-corpus follows the general UD documentation in recognizing the particle as a part-of-speech category. The specification between PART, ADV and ADP has been carried out as in ISK § 792 (in Finnish).

Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

There are 204 PART lemmas (1%), 304 PART types (1%) and 5665 PART tokens (4%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PART is: 9 in number of lemmas, 10 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PART lemmas: niin, jo, myös, vielä, vain, kyllä, ihan, sitten, enää, nyt

The 10 most frequent PART types: niin, jo, myös, vielä, vain, kyllä, ihan, enää, nyt, kuitenkin

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: niin (PART 635, ADV 154), jo (PART 348, PROPN 1), vielä (PART 308, ADV 9), sitten (ADV 260, PART 133, ADP 58), nyt (ADV 479, PART 125), vaan (CONJ 126, PART 86), vasta (PART 84, ADV 4), juuri (PART 79, ADV 21, NOUN 8), noin (PART 77, ADV 24), kai (PART 74, PROPN 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: niin (PART 454, ADV 137), nyt (ADV 338, PART 118), sitten (ADV 99, PART 98, ADP 57), vasta (PART 74, ADV 2), juuri (PART 73, ADV 21), vaan (CONJ 126, PART 73), noin (PART 66, ADV 17), vaikka (SCONJ 134, PART 65, CONJ 3), aika (PART 63, NOUN 36), nii (PART 35, ADV 3)

niin
- PART 454: Heti kun laulan hieman rokimpaa niin sen kuulee .
- ADV 137: Sanoiko hän niin ?
nyt
- ADV 338: Kun asiakkaalta ennen kysyttiin montako tonnia tavaraa tarvitset , nyt
- PART 118: Johan nyt jotakin .
sitten
- ADV 99: Sait sä sitten tehtyä sen työn ajoissa ?
- PART 98: Nyt olisikin sitten pitänyt olla ruista kaikilla pelloilla .
- ADP 57: Ajatus innosti minua tasan yhtä vähän kuin pari kuukautta sitten .
vasta
- PART 74: Hän tuli vasta eilen
- ADV 2: niitä meheviä vasta kypsyneitä karviaisia
juuri
- PART 73: Johtaja oli sattunut olemaan juuri silloin paikalla .
- ADV 21: Naapuriin syntyi juuri kaksoset .
vaan
- CONJ 126: Siellä tehdään ohjelmia , joita ei katsella vaan katsotaan .
- PART 73: Mä oon vaan näin hyvissä ajoin liikkeellä .
noin
- PART 66: Viime vuoden luku oli 2_400 ja tänä vuonna luku nousee noin 2:aan .
- ADV 17: Tuntuu oudolta , että joku voi ajatella noin .
vaikka
- SCONJ 134: Alta mennään vaikka niskat katkeis .
- PART 65: Muistan vaikka mitä mutta en kerro
- CONJ 3: Tapahtuma oli merkittävä , vaikka ei mitenkään vallankumouksellinen .
aika
- PART 63: aika hyvällä juoksemisellani
- NOUN 36: Siinä aika hurahtaa ihan varkain .
nii
- PART 35: - No nii .
- ADV 3: Mut sen kerkee koukkaa teilt vielä jos se nyt oli nii et sil ei sit ollu

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PART is 1.490196 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.044212).

The 1st highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “kyllä”: Kylläpä, kyl, kylhän, kyllä, kyllähän, kylläkin, kylläkään, kylläpäs, kylä.

The 2nd highest number of forms (8) was observed with the lemma “niinkuin”: niiku, niinko, niinku, niinkuin, niinkun, nikun, ninku, ninkun.

The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “vielä”: viel, vielä, vieläk, vieläkin, vieläkö, viä, viäl.

PART occurs with 3 features: fi-feat/Style (461; 8% instances), fi-feat/Clitic (119; 2% instances), fi-feat/Abbr (86; 2% instances)

PART occurs with 10 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Clitic=Han, Clitic=Kaan, Clitic=Kin, Clitic=Ko, Clitic=Ko,S, Clitic=Pa, Clitic=Pa,S, Clitic=S, Style=Coll

PART occurs with 14 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (5003 tokens). Examples: niin, jo, myös, vielä, vain, kyllä, ihan, enää, nyt, kuitenkin

Relations

PART nodes are attached to their parents using 7 different relations: fi-dep/advmod (5088; 90% instances), fi-dep/mark (370; 7% instances), fi-dep/dep (77; 1% instances), fi-dep/mwe (62; 1% instances), fi-dep/root (42; 1% instances), fi-dep/conj (25; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PART nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: VERB (2590; 46% instances), NOUN (935; 17% instances), ADJ (849; 15% instances), ADV (524; 9% instances), NUM (248; 4% instances), PRON (190; 3% instances), PROPN (95; 2% instances), DET (89; 2% instances), PART (74; 1% instances), ROOT (42; 1% instances), SCONJ (12; 0% instances), ADP (11; 0% instances), INTJ (4; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)

5213 (92%) PART nodes are leaves.

386 (7%) PART nodes have one child.

57 (1%) PART nodes have two children.

9 (0%) PART nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PART node is 4.

Children of PART nodes are attached using 16 different relations: fi-dep/punct (329; 62% instances), fi-dep/mwe (89; 17% instances), fi-dep/advmod (29; 5% instances), fi-dep/conj (26; 5% instances), fi-dep/discourse (14; 3% instances), fi-dep/cc (11; 2% instances), fi-dep/nummod (9; 2% instances), fi-dep/dep (4; 1% instances), fi-dep/acl (3; 1% instances), fi-dep/cop (3; 1% instances), fi-dep/nsubj:cop (3; 1% instances), fi-dep/amod (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/nmod (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/vocative (2; 0% instances), fi-dep/case (1; 0% instances), fi-dep/mark (1; 0% instances)

Children of PART nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: PUNCT (329; 62% instances), PART (74; 14% instances), SCONJ (34; 6% instances), ADV (25; 5% instances), CONJ (15; 3% instances), INTJ (14; 3% instances), VERB (13; 2% instances), NUM (9; 2% instances), NOUN (7; 1% instances), PRON (4; 1% instances), ADJ (3; 1% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances)

PART in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]