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cc: coordinating conjunction

Coordinating conjunctions are marked as dependents of the first coordinated element, and the dependency type used is cc.

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
kirjat , kynät ja viivottimet \n books , pencils and rulers
conj(kirjat-1, kynät-3)
punct(kirjat-1, ,-2)
cc(kirjat-1, ja-4)
conj(kirjat-1, viivottimet-5)
{
    "text": "kirjat , kynät ja viivottimet \n books , pencils and rulers ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 32, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 38, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 40, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 48, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 52, 58 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "cc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

Coordinating conjunctions that consist of parts separated by coordinated elements are annotated so that the first part is marked with the type cc:preconj and the second part with cc in the regular fashion. Adjacent parts of acting as a single conjunction are joined together with the mwe dependency relation with the initial word as the head and others as direct dependents of this word.

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
toisaalta kynät , toisaalta viivottimet \n on_the_one_hand pencils , on_the_other_hand rulers
cc:preconj(kynät-2, toisaalta-1)
punct(kynät-2, ,-3)
cc(kynät-2, toisaalta-4)
conj(kynät-2, viivottimet-5)
{
    "text": "toisaalta kynät , toisaalta viivottimet \n on_the_one_hand pencils , on_the_other_hand rulers ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 10, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 16, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 28, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 42, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 58, 65 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 66, 67 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 68, 85 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 86, 92 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "cc:preconj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "cc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

kynät ja / tai viivottimet \n pencils and / or rulers
cc(kynät-1, ja-2)
mwe(ja-2, /-3)
mwe(ja-2, tai-4)
conj(kynät-1, viivottimet-5)

Coordinating conjunctions are a closed class of words, and the main conjunctions are as follows:

• ja “and”
• sekä “and”
• sekä… että “both… and”
• -kä “attached to negation words, nor”
• eli “a.k.a.”
• tai “or”
• vai “or” (in a question context)
• joko… tai “either… or”
• mutta “but”
• vaan “but” (in a negative context)

In addition, certain less frequent words or combinations of words are marked as coordinating conjunctions in TDT, namely:

• &
• elikkä “colloquial version of eli, a.k.a”
• ja / tai “and / or”
• ja toisaalta “and on the other hand”
• kuin “as/like”
• kuin myös “as also”
• kuten “like also”
• milloin… milloin “when… when”
• mitä… sitä “the… the”
• niin… kuin “as well as”
• niin kuin “like”
• paitsi että “except that” (a two-part preconjunction, see cc:preconj)
• paitsi… myös “not only… but also”
• saati “let alone”
• saati että “let alone that”
• saatikka “let alone”
• samoin kuin “the same way as”
• siinä missä “as much as”
• sitä… mitä “the… the”
• sitä mukaa… mitä (a version of “the… the”)
• sun muuta “et cetera”
• toisaalta… ja/mutta toisaalta “on the one hand… and/but on the other hand”
• toisaalta… toisaalta “on the one hand… on the other hand”
• vaikka “although” (also a subordinating conjunction)
• vuoroin… ja vuoroin “in turn… and in turn”
• vuoroin… vuoroin “in turn… in turn”
• yhtä lailla… kuin (+kin) “as well as (also)”
• ym. “etc.”

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)

This relation is universal. There are 1 language-specific subtypes of cc: cc:preconj.

7420 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as cc.

7200 instances of cc (97%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 3.40350404312668.

The following 30 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cc: NOUN-CONJ (2908; 39% instances), VERB-CONJ (2761; 37% instances), ADJ-CONJ (602; 8% instances), PROPN-CONJ (586; 8% instances), ADV-CONJ (139; 2% instances), VERB-VERB (118; 2% instances), NUM-CONJ (88; 1% instances), PRON-CONJ (78; 1% instances), NOUN-VERB (40; 1% instances), ADJ-VERB (23; 0% instances), SYM-CONJ (13; 0% instances), X-CONJ (11; 0% instances), NOUN-ADV (10; 0% instances), PROPN-SYM (7; 0% instances), ADV-VERB (6; 0% instances), VERB-ADV (6; 0% instances), ADP-CONJ (4; 0% instances), ADV-ADV (2; 0% instances), AUX-CONJ (2; 0% instances), NOUN-NOUN (2; 0% instances), NOUN-SYM (2; 0% instances), NUM-VERB (2; 0% instances), PRON-VERB (2; 0% instances), X-VERB (2; 0% instances), ADV-NOUN (1; 0% instances), ADV-SCONJ (1; 0% instances), PROPN-ADV (1; 0% instances), PROPN-VERB (1; 0% instances), PROPN-X (1; 0% instances), X-X (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 5 cc	color:blue
1	Tässä	tämä	PRON	Pron	Case=Ine|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nmod	8:nmod	_
2	hieman	hieman	ADV	Adv	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	yleiskuvaa	yleis#kuva	NOUN	N	Case=Par|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	showroomilta	showroom	NOUN	N	Case=Abl|Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
5	ja	ja	CONJ	C	_	3	cc	_	_
6	lisää	lisää	ADV	Adv	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	tuttuja	tuttu	ADJ	A	Case=Par|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur	8	amod	_	_
8	naamoja	naama	NOUN	N	Case=Par|Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	3	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 1 cc	color:blue
1	Ja	ja	CONJ	C	_	3	cc	_	_
2	mitä	mikä	PRON	Pron	Case=Par|Number=Sing|PronType=Int	3	dobj	_	_
3	kustantaa	kustantaa	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
4	valmis	valmis	ADJ	A	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing	5	amod	_	_
5	dolly	dolly	X	Foreign	Foreign=Foreign	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	Punct	_	3	punct	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 4 cc	color:blue
1	Paita	paita	NOUN	N	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	3	nsubj:cop	_	_
2	on	olla	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	3	cop	_	_
3	valkoinen	valkoinen	ADJ	A	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	ja	ja	CONJ	C	_	3	cc	_	_
5	siinä	se	PRON	Pron	Case=Ine|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	nmod	_	_
6	on	olla	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	3	conj	_	_
7	värikkäitä	värikäs	ADJ	A	Case=Par|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur	8	amod	_	_
8	kukkia	kukka	NOUN	N	Case=Par|Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	Punct	_	3	punct	_	_

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

This relation is universal.

4727 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as cc.

4076 instances of cc (86%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.89485931880685.

The following 14 pairs of parts of speech are connected with cc: VERB-CONJ (1956; 41% instances), NOUN-CONJ (1595; 34% instances), ADJ-CONJ (533; 11% instances), PROPN-CONJ (333; 7% instances), ADV-CONJ (137; 3% instances), PRON-CONJ (77; 2% instances), NUM-CONJ (50; 1% instances), ADP-CONJ (11; 0% instances), PART-CONJ (11; 0% instances), SCONJ-CONJ (10; 0% instances), DET-CONJ (7; 0% instances), X-CONJ (4; 0% instances), INTJ-CONJ (2; 0% instances), X-X (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 6 cc	color:blue
1	Riki	riki	PROPN	N,Prop,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	alkoi	alkaa	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg3	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	3	aux	_	_
3	kantaa	kantaa	VERB	V,Act,InfA,Lat	Case=Lat|InfForm=1|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
4	laukkuja	laukku	NOUN	N,Pl,Par	Case=Par|Number=Plur	3	dobj	_	_
5	hissiin	hissi	NOUN	N,Sg,Ill	Case=Ill|Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	ja	ja	CONJ	Pcle,CC	_	3	cc	_	_
7	mahdutti	mahduttaa	VERB	V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg3	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	3	conj	_	_
8	ne	ne	PRON	Pron,Dem,Pl,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	dobj	_	_
9	autoonsa	auto	NOUN	N,Sg,Ill,Px3	Case=Ill|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3	7	nmod	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	Pun	_	9	punct	_	_

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 cc	color:blue
1	Juoppoja	juoppo	NOUN	N,Pl,Par	Case=Par|Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	ja	ja	CONJ	Pcle,CC	_	1	cc	_	_
3	ajan	aika	NOUN	N,Sg,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
4	tuhlareita	tuhlari	NOUN	N,Pl,Par	Case=Par|Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_

# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 6 cc	color:blue
1	Duuman	duuma	PROPN	N,Prop,Sg,Gen	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
2	kuohunta	kuohunta	NOUN	N,Sg,Nom	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	4	nsubj:cop	_	_
3	olisi	olla	VERB	V,Act,Cond,Sg3	Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	4	cop	_	_
4	kiusallista	kiusallinen	ADJ	A,Sg,Par	Case=Par|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	Pun	_	4	punct	_	_
6	mutta	mutta	CONJ	Pcle,CC	_	4	cc	_	_
7	ei	ei	VERB	V,Neg,Act,Sg3	Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	9	cop	_	_
8	vielä	vielä	PART	Pcle	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	vaarallista	vaarallinen	ADJ	A,Sg,Par	Case=Par|Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
10	.	.	PUNCT	Pun	_	9	punct	_	_

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