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nummod: numeric modifierA numeric modifier of a noun is any number phrase
that serves to modify the meaning of the noun with a quantity.
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Agreement and government with Czech quantifiers
The morphological and syntactic behavior of Czech numerals is a complex matter.
Small cardinal numerals jeden “one”, dva “two”, tři “three” and čtyři “four” agree with the counted
noun in Case (jeden also agrees in Gender and Number ;
dva also agrees in Gender ).
They behave as if they modify the counted noun; they are similar to adjectives in this respect.
Examples:
Jeden muž spal, dva muži hráli karty.Jedna žena spala, dvě ženy hrály karty.Jedno kotě spalo, dvě koťata si hrála.
In PDT, these numerals are attached to their counted nouns as Atr (attribute).
It is straightforward to convert such dependencies to nummod:
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Larger cardinals behave differently.
They require that the counted noun be in the genitive case; this indicates that they actually govern the noun.
Such constructions are parallel to nouns modified by other noun phrases in genitive.
The whole phrase (numeral + counted noun) behaves as a noun phrase in neuter gender and singular number
(which is important for subject-verb agreement).
Pět mužů hrálo karty.Skupina mužů hrála karty. “A group of men played cards.”
In PDT, these numerals are analyzed as heads of the counted nouns, which are attached to the numeral as Atr:
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There are both advantages and drawbacks to this solution.
On the one hand, it reflects well the agreement in case, gender and number.
On the other hand, it is confusing that there are two different analyses of counted noun constructions,
depending on the numeric value.
Moreover, the numeral does not govern the noun in all morphological cases.
The following table shows the case of the whole phrase (numeral + noun; first column)
and the consequences for the case of the parts (note that these numerals have only
two distinct morphological forms, resulting in homonymy).
Phrase Case Example Numeral Case Noun Case Nom pět mužů Nom Gen Gen pěti mužů Gen Gen Dat pěti mužům Dat Dat Acc pět mužů Acc Gen Voc pět mužů Voc Gen Loc pěti mužích Loc Loc Ins pěti muži Ins Ins
We can say that the noun has the case of the whole phrase if it is dative, locative or instrumental.
The numeral then agrees with the noun in case.
The numeral forces the noun to the genitive case if the whole phrase is nominative, accusative or vocative
(but the vocative usage is rather hypothetical).
In genitive, the noun and the numeral agree with each other; but note that the numeral uses its
inflected form, as in the other cases where it agrees with the noun.
In PDT, the genitive, dative, locative and instrumental cases are analyzed in parallel to the low-value numerals,
i.e. the noun governs the numeral:
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High-value numerals where the lowest-order digit is more than zero and less than five (e.g. 21, 22, 23, 24) may behave both ways:
dvacet dva muži (noun governs numeral)dvacet dva mužů (numeral governs noun)dvaadvacet mužůdva , thus the numeral governs the noun)22 muži22 as dvacet dva, not dvaadvacet )22 mužů
Pronominal quantifiers behave as high-value numerals and govern the quantifed nouns:
Kolik mužů hrálo karty?Několik (mnoho , málo ) mužů hrálo karty.Tolik mužů hrát karty jsem ještě neviděl.
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The UD conversion of the PDT data unifies analyses of counted noun phrases
and uses a structure that is parallel among all the above cases,
and also with universal dependencies in other languages.
The counted noun is always the head and the numeral is always attached as its modifier.
Nevertheless, we use different relation labels to mark situations where the numeral (or quantifier)
actually governs the morphological case of the noun.
There are four labels used:
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In PDT the words milión “million”, miliarda “billion” and higher are usually tagged as nouns ,
not as numerals .
In the typical case, the million is in genitive, it is preceded by a smaller number,
and it is not followed by smaller numerals (as it is in million five hundred thousand ).
It is followed by the counted noun.
Thus the following examples receive parallel analyses:
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On the other hand the word tisíc “thousand” may be a noun
(na náměstí byly tisíce lidí “there were thousands of people in the square”)
or a numeral:
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Note that the two numeral words in the above example are joined using the compound relation.
Also note that the intensifier nanejvýš is attached to the head of the phrase (korun) and not to the number.
This is in accord both with the UD guidelines
and with the original PDT annotation of agreeing numerals (e.g. jen čtyři firmy, jen několik procent ).
Similarly there may be other nodes (such as punctuation) that are attached to the head of the phrase
and they are related to the whole phrase rather than directly to the head noun:
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Dates
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Numerals expressed using digits are labeled nummod even if they represent ordinal numerals,
which would be labeled amod:
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Numbered objects
House number in address is attached as nummod to the name of the street:
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Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of nummod: nummod:gov .
19664 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as nummod.
11408 instances of nummod (58%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.58314686737185.
The following 11 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nummod: NOUN -NUM (17443; 89% instances), PROPN -NUM (1629; 8% instances), ADJ -NUM (261; 1% instances), SYM -NUM (152; 1% instances), NUM -NUM (99; 1% instances), PRON -NUM (29; 0% instances), CONJ -NUM (28; 0% instances), VERB -NUM (10; 0% instances), PUNCT -NUM (7; 0% instances), ADV -NUM (5; 0% instances), INTJ -NUM (1; 0% instances).
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Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of nummod: nummod:gov .
4440 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as nummod.
2802 instances of nummod (63%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.32094594594595.
The following 10 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nummod: NOUN -NUM (4127; 93% instances), SYM -NUM (211; 5% instances), PROPN -NUM (34; 1% instances), NUM -NUM (27; 1% instances), ADJ -NUM (23; 1% instances), PRON -NUM (7; 0% instances), VERB -NUM (6; 0% instances), ADV -NUM (2; 0% instances), PART -NUM (2; 0% instances), DET -NUM (1; 0% instances).
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1 Praha Praha PROPN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
2 # &clabel; NUM C=------------- NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 1 nummod _ _
3 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of nummod: nummod:gov .
286 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as nummod.
196 instances of nummod (69%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.20629370629371.
The following 3 pairs of parts of speech are connected with nummod: NOUN -NUM (284; 99% instances), SYM -NUM (1; 0% instances), X -NUM (1; 0% instances).
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1 (5) (5) PUNCT Z:------------- _ 8 punct _ _
2 Při při ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 4 case _ LId=při-1
3 průběžné průběžný ADJ AAFS6----1A---- Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 amod _ _
4 inventarizaci inventarizace NOUN NNFS6-----A---- Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _
5 se se PRON P7-X4---------- Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 8 auxpass:reflex _ _
6 odstavec odstavec NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 8 nsubjpass _ _
7 4 4 NUM C}------------- NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _
8 použije použít VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
9 obdobně obdobně ADV Dg-------1A---- Degree=Pos|Negative=Pos 8 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 8 punct _ _
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1 2 2 NUM C}------------- NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card 37 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
2 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
3 V v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 5 case _ LId=v-1
4 prvním první ADJ CrIS6---------- Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|NumType=Ord 5 amod _ _
5 dni den NOUN NNIS6-----A---1 Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _
6 účetního účetní ADJ AANS2----1A---- Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 7 amod _ LId=účetní-1
7 období období NOUN NNNS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _
8 započatého započatý ADJ AANS2----1A---- Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 7 amod _ _
9 1.ledna 1.ledna X X@------------- _ 8 advmod _ _
10 2004 2004 NUM C}------------- NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _
11 a a CONJ J^------------- _ 9 cc _ LId=a-1
12 později pozdě ADV Dg-------2A---- Degree=Cmp|Negative=Pos 9 conj _ _
13 se se PRON P7-X4---------- Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 37 auxpass:reflex _ _
14 opravné opravný ADJ AAFS2----1A---- Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 15 amod _ _
15 položky položka NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 37 nsubjpass _ _
16 u u ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 17 case _ LId=u-1
17 pohledávek pohledávka NOUN NNFP2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 15 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
18 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 22 punct _ _
19 které který PRON P4FP4---------- Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Int,Rel 22 dobj _ _
20 účetní účetní ADJ AAFS1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 21 amod _ LId=účetní-1
21 jednotka jednotka NOUN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _
22 nabyla nabýt VERB VpQW---XR-AA--- Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur,Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 17 acl _ _
23 v v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 25 case _ LId=v-1
24 účetních účetní ADJ AANP6----1A---- Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 25 amod _ LId=účetní-1
25 obdobích období NOUN NNNP6-----A---- Case=Loc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 22 nmod _ _
26 započatých započatý ADJ AANP6----1A---- Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 25 amod _ _
27 před před ADP RR--7---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Ins 30 case _ LId=před-1
28 1 1 NUM C}------------- NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card 30 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No
29 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 28 punct _ _
30 lednem leden NOUN NNIS7-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Ins|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _
31 2004 2004 NUM C}------------- NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card 30 nummod _ _
32 a a CONJ J^------------- _ 22 cc _ LId=a-1
33 určila určit VERB VpQW---XR-AA--- Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur,Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 22 conj _ _
34 k k ADP RR--3---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Dat 35 case _ LId=k-1
35 obchodování obchodování NOUN NNNS3-----A---- Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 33 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
36 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 22 punct _ _
37 zruší zrušit VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
38 ve v ADP RV--4---------- AdpType=Voc|Case=Acc 40 case _ LId=v-1
39 prospěch prospěch NOUN NNIS4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 38 mwe _ _
40 nákladů náklad NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 37 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
41 ; ; PUNCT Z:------------- _ 37 punct _ _
42 ke k ADP RV--3---------- AdpType=Voc|Case=Dat 44 case _ LId=k-1
43 stejnému stejný ADJ AAIS3----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 44 amod _ _
44 okamžiku okamžik NOUN NNIS3-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 46 nmod _ _
45 se se PRON P7-X4---------- Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 46 auxpass:reflex _ _
46 zaúčtuje zaúčtovat VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 37 conj _ _
47 snížení snížení NOUN NNNS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 46 nsubjpass _ _
48 hodnoty hodnota NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 47 nmod _ _
49 pohledávek pohledávka NOUN NNFP2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 48 nmod _ _
50 prostřednictvím prostřednictvím ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 51 case _ _
51 účtu účet NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 47 nmod _ _
52 v v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 54 case _ LId=v-1
53 účtové účtový ADJ AAFS6----1A---- Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 54 amod _ _
54 skupině skupina NOUN NNFS6-----A---- Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 51 nmod _ _
55 58 58 NUM C}------------- NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card 54 nummod _ SpaceAfter=No
56 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 37 punct _ _
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1 (5) (5) PUNCT Z:------------- _ 5 punct _ _
2 Podstatným podstatný ADJ AAIS7----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Ins|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 3 amod _ _
3 vlivem vliv NOUN NNIS7-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Ins|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 dobj _ _
4 se se PRON P7-X4---------- Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 5 auxpass:reflex _ _
5 rozumí rozumět VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
6 takový takový DET PDIS4---------- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 8 det _ _
7 významný významný ADJ AAIS4----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 8 amod _ _
8 vliv vliv NOUN NNIS4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 nsubjpass _ _
9 na na ADP RR--4---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 10 case _ LId=na-1
10 řízení řízení NOUN NNNS4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _
11 nebo nebo CONJ J^------------- _ 10 cc _ _
12 provozování provozování NOUN NNNS4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 10 conj _ _
13 podniku podnik NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _
14 podle podle ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 17 case _ LId=podle-2
15 zvláštního zvláštní ADJ AAIS2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 17 amod _ _
16 právního právní ADJ AAIS2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 17 amod _ _
17 předpisu předpis NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 10 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
18 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 21 punct _ _
19 jenž jenž PRON PJYS1---------- Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PrepCase=Npr|PronType=Rel 21 nsubj _ _
20 není být VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 21 cop _ _
21 rozhodující rozhodující ADJ AGMS1-----A---- Animacy=Anim|Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 8 acl _ _
22 ani ani CONJ J^------------- _ 21 cc _ _
23 společný společný ADJ AAMS1----1A---- Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 21 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
24 ; ; PUNCT Z:------------- _ 26 punct _ _
25 není-li není-li X X@------------- _ 26 cop _ _
26 prokázán prokázat VERB VsYS---XX-AP--- Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 29 advmod _ _
27 opak opak NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
28 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 26 punct _ _
29 považuje považovat VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 5 parataxis _ _
30 se se PRON P7-X4---------- Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 29 auxpass:reflex _ _
31 za za ADP RR--4---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 33 case _ LId=za-1
32 podstatný podstatný ADJ AAIS4----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 33 amod _ _
33 vliv vliv NOUN NNIS4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 29 dobj _ _
34 dispozice dispozice NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 29 nsubjpass _ _
35 nejméně málo ADV Dg-------2A---- Degree=Cmp|Negative=Pos 38 advmod:emph _ LId=málo-3
36 s s ADP RR--7---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Ins 38 case _ LId=s-1
37 20 20 NUM C}------------- NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card 38 nummod _ _
38 % % SYM Z:------------- _ 34 nmod _ _
39 hlasovacích hlasovací ADJ AANP2----1A---- Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 40 amod _ _
40 práv právo NOUN NNNP2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 38 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
41 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 5 punct _ _
nummod in other languages:
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