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VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative

Even though the name of the feature seems to suggest that it is used exclusively with verbs, it is not the case. The Part value can be used also with adjectives. It distinguishes participles from other verb forms, and participial adjectives from other adjectives.

Fin: finite verb

Rule of thumb: if it has non-empty Mood, it is finite. In Czech this applies to indicative and imperative forms, and to the special conditional forms of the auxiliary verb být.

Examples

• nesu, neseš, nese, neseme, nesete, nesou  “I carry, you carry, he/she/it carries, we carry, you carry, they carry”
• nes, nesme, neste  “carry” (imperative in different persons and numbers)
• jsem, jsi, je, jsme, jste, jsou  “I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you are, they are”
• budu, budeš, bude, budeme, budete, budou  “I will be, you will be, he/she/it will be, we will be, you will be, they will be”
• bych, bys, by, bychom, byste, by  “I would, you would, he/she/it would, we would, you would, they would”
• buď, buďme, buďte  “be” (imperative in different persons and numbers)

Inf: infinitive

Infinitive is the citation form of verbs. It is also used with the auxiliary být  to form periphrastic future tense, and it appears as the argument of modal and other verbs.

Examples

• nést  “to carry”
• být  “to be”

Part: participle

Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives. Czech has two types of participles:

• The past participle (also called active participle or l-participle) is used to form the past tense, and the conditional mood in present or past tense.
• The passive participle is used to form the passive voice (in any tense or mood).

Participles inflect for Gender and Number but not for Person.

Examples

• nesl, nesla, neslo, nesli, nesly  “carried” (past participle in different genders and numbers)
• nesen, nesena, neseno, neseni, neseny  “carried” (passive participle in different genders and numbers)
• byl, byla, bylo, byli, byly  “was/been” (past participle in different genders and numbers)

Trans: transgressive

The transgressive, also called adverbial participle, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs.

Imperfective verbs form present transgressive, meaning “while doing”.

Perfective verbs form past transgressive, meaning “having done”.

Examples

• nesa, nesouc, nesouce  “carrying” (present transgressive in different genders and numbers)
• přines, přinesši, přinesše  “having brought” (past transgressive in different genders and numbers)
• jsa, jsouc, jsouce  “being” (present transgressive in different genders and numbers)
• byv, byvši, byvše  “having been” (past transgressive in different genders and numbers)
• zírali na mne, pevně svírajíce své zbraně  “they stared at me while gripping their guns firmly”
• udělavši večeři, zavolala rodinu ke stolu  “having prepared the dinner, she called her family to the table”

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 4 different values: Fin, Inf, Part, Trans.

190927 tokens (13%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm. 29078 types (23%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. 6869 lemmas (12%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/VERB (165634; 11% instances), cs-pos/AUX (20795; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ (4498; 0% instances).

VERB

165634 cs-pos/VERB tokens (100% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Negative=Pos (151250; 91%), Voice=Act (129620; 78%), Gender=EMPTY (102239; 62%), Number=Sing (89634; 54%), Person=EMPTY (88951; 54%), Mood=EMPTY (88939; 54%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Fin (76695; 46% of non-empty VerbForm): je, jsou, má, není, může, mají, bude, musí, jde, lze
• Inf (25522; 15% of non-empty VerbForm): být, mít, získat, stát, hrát, říci, platit, muset, dělat, dostat
• Part (63255; 38% of non-empty VerbForm): byl, bylo, řekl, měl, byla, měla, uvedl, měli, mělo, byly
• Trans (162; 0% of non-empty VerbForm): počínaje, nemluvě, vlastně, konče, Mluvě, soudě, říkajíc, jsa, jsouc, jsouce

Paradigm být	Fin	Inf	Part	Trans
Abbr=Yes|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	j
Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			nebyli
Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			byli
Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			nebyly
Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			byly
Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act				jsa
Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act				jsouc
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act				jsouce
Foreign=Foreign|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			bolo
Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			nebyl
Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			byl
Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur,Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			nebyla
Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur,Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			byla
Gender=Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			nebylo
Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			bylo
Mood=Cnd	by
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=1	bych
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=1	bychom
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=1|Style=Coll	bysme
Mood=Imp|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2	Nebuďte
Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2	buď
Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3	budiž
Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch	buď
Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1	Buďme
Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2	buďte
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	nebudu
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	nejsem
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	nebudeš
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	Není
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	nebude
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	není
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	nebudeme
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	nejsme
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	nebudete
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	nejste
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	nésó
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	nebudou
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	nejsou
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	budu
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	jsem
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	si
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	jsi
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	jest
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	bude
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	je
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	budeme
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	jsme
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	budete
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	jste
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	budou
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	jsou
Negative=Neg		nebýt
Negative=Pos		být
Negative=Pos|Style=Arch		býti

AUX

20795 cs-pos/AUX tokens (100% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (17543; 84%), Voice=Act (11146; 54%), Negative=Pos (11106; 53%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Fin (16796; 81% of non-empty VerbForm): by, bude, jsem, jsme, budou, je, bychom, bych, jsou, nebude
• Inf (746; 4% of non-empty VerbForm): být, býti
• Part (3252; 16% of non-empty VerbForm): byl, byla, bylo, byly, byli, nebyl, nebyla, nebyly, nebylo, nebyli
• Trans (1; 0% of non-empty VerbForm): jsouce

Paradigm být	Fin	Inf	Part	Trans
Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			nebyli
Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			byli
Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			nebyly
Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			byly
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act				jsouce
Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			nebyl
Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			byl
Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur,Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			nebyla
Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur,Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			byla
Gender=Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			nebylo
Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act			bylo
Mood=Cnd	by
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=1	bych
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=2	bys
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=1	bychom
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=2	byste
Mood=Cnd|Person=3	by
Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3	budiž
Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Style=Arch	budiž
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	nebudu
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	Nebudeš
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	nebude
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	není
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	nebudeme
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	nejsme
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	nebudete
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	nebudou
Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	nejsou
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	budu
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	jsem
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	si
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	budeš
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	jsi
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	bude
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	je
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Style=Coll|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	budem
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	budeme
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	jsme
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	budete
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	jste
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act	budou
Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	jsou
Negative=Pos		být
Negative=Pos|Style=Arch		býti

ADJ

4498 cs-pos/ADJ tokens (2% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and VerbForm co-occurred: Degree=EMPTY (4498; 100%), Negative=Pos (4367; 97%), Number=Sing (2627; 58%), Gender=Masc (2336; 52%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

• Part (4498; 100% of non-empty VerbForm): rozhodující, vedoucí, následující, vynikající, týkající, odpovídající, rostoucí, žijící, kupující, následujících
• EMPTY (176313): první, další, české, nové, druhé, poslední, státní, dalších, možné, vlastní

VerbForm seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 100% lemmas (940) occur only with one value of VerbForm.

Relations with Agreement in VerbForm

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (13526; 81%), VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (4276; 63%), VERB –[auxpass]–> AUX (3124; 52%), VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (630; 57%), VERB –[appos]–> VERB (163; 75%), VERB –[dep]–> VERB (55; 51%), VERB –[acl]–> VERB (12; 60%).

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VerbForm in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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