auxpass: passive auxiliary
A passive auxiliary of a clause is a form of the auxiliary verb být “to be” used to construct the periphrastic passive voice (in any tense or in the infinitive).
Kennedy byl zabit . \n Kennedy was killed .
auxpass(zabit, byl)
auxpass(killed, was)
Kennedy bude zabit . \n Kennedy will-be killed .
auxpass(zabit, bude)
auxpass(killed, will-be)
Kennedy netušil , že jeho osudem je být zabit . \n Kennedy did-not-anticipate that his fate is to-be killed .
auxpass(zabit, být)
auxpass(killed, to-be)
Note that the passive participle may be also used as nominal predicate with copula. Hence it may be difficult to distinguish a passive construction from a copula construction. The former focuses on the process while the latter emphasizes the result.
- Passive:
Smlouva byla podepsána v Bílém domě . \n Contract was signed in White House .
auxpass(podepsána, byla)
auxpass(signed, was)
- Copula:
Smlouva byla podepsána červeným inkoustem . \n Contract was signed in-red ink .
cop(podepsána, byla)
cop(signed, was)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of auxpass: auxpass:reflex.
6065 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as auxpass.
5943 instances of auxpass (98%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.25259686727123.
The following 1 pairs of parts of speech are connected with auxpass: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/AUX (6065; 100% instances).
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 4 auxpass color:blue
1 Na na ADP RR--4---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 2 case _ LId=na-1
2 požádání požádání NOUN NNNS4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ LDeriv=požádat
3 může moci VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ LGloss=(mít_možnost_[něco_dělat])
4 být být AUX Vf--------A---- Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 5 auxpass _ _
5 zaslán zaslat VERB VsYS---XX-AP--- Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 ccomp _ _
6 seznam seznam NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
7 firem firma NOUN NNFP2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 3 punct _ _
auxpass in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]