Person: person
Person is a feature of personal and possessive pronouns, and of verbs. On verbs it is in fact an agreement feature that marks the person of the verb’s subject. Person marked on verbs makes it unnecessary to always add a personal pronoun as subject and thus subjects are sometimes dropped (Czech is a pro-drop language).
1: first person
In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker / author. In plural, it must include the speaker and one or more additional persons.
Examples
- dělám “I do”
- děláme “we do”
2: second person
In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance / text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.
Examples
- děláš “you.
Singdo” - děláte “you.
Plurdo”
3: third person
The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.
Examples
- dělá “he/she/it does”
- dělají “they do”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
108587 tokens (7%) have a non-empty value of Person.
9572 types (7%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
3740 lemmas (6%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/VERB (76683; 5% instances), cs-pos/AUX (11357; 1% instances), cs-pos/PRON (11271; 1% instances), cs-pos/DET (9276; 1% instances).
VERB
76683 cs-pos/VERB tokens (46% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (76681; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (76681; 100%), Voice=Act (75724; 99%), Mood=Ind (75722; 99%), Tense=Pres (74167; 97%), Negative=Pos (67221; 88%), Number=Sing (54532; 71%), Aspect=EMPTY (41111; 54%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(6860; 9% of non-emptyPerson): máme, jsem, jsme, mám, můžeme, myslím, musíme, chceme, musím, nevím2(1682; 2% of non-emptyPerson): viz, můžete, máte, buď, jste, chcete, myslíte, najdete, potřebujete, buďte3(68141; 89% of non-emptyPerson): je, jsou, má, není, může, mají, bude, musí, jde, lzeEMPTY(88951): byl, být, bylo, řekl, měl, byla, měla, mít, uvedl, měli
| Paradigm být | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abbr=Yes|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | j | ||
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | bych | ||
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Style=Coll | bysme | ||
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | bychom | ||
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur | Nebuďte | ||
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Style=Arch | buď | ||
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing | buď | budiž | |
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur | Buďme | buďte | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | Není | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudu | nebudeš | nebude |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsem | není | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nésó | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudeme | nebudete | nebudou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsme | nejste | nejsou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jest | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | si | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budu | bude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsem | jsi | je |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budeme | budete | budou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsme | jste | jsou |
AUX
11357 cs-pos/AUX tokens (55% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (11357; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (11357; 100%), Voice=Act (7893; 69%), Mood=Ind (7893; 69%), Negative=Pos (7377; 65%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(4067; 36% of non-emptyPerson): jsem, jsme, bychom, bych, budeme, budu, nebudeme, nebudu, nejsme, budem2(378; 3% of non-emptyPerson): jste, byste, budete, jsi, nebudete, budeš, bys, Nebudeš, si3(6912; 61% of non-emptyPerson): by, bude, budou, je, jsou, nebude, nebudou, není, nejsou, býváEMPTY(9438): by, byl, byla, být, bylo, byly, byli, nebyl, nebyla, nebyly
| Paradigm být | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | bych | bys | |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | bychom | byste | |
| Mood=Cnd | by | ||
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing | budiž | ||
| Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Style=Arch | budiž | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudu | Nebudeš | nebude |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | není | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | nebudeme | nebudete | nebudou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | nejsme | nejsou | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | si | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budu | budeš | bude |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsem | jsi | je |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budem | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | budeme | budete | budou |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | jsme | jste | jsou |
PRON
11271 cs-pos/PRON tokens (16% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: Reflex=EMPTY (11271; 100%), PronType=Prs (11261; 100%), Variant=EMPTY (9253; 82%), Gender=EMPTY (6689; 59%), Number=Sing (5834; 52%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(3468; 31% of non-emptyPerson): nás, nám, mi, já, mě, my, mne, námi, mně, mnou2(470; 4% of non-emptyPerson): vám, vás, vy, vámi, ty, tě, ti, you, tobě, Your3(7333; 65% of non-emptyPerson): je, nich, mu, ji, ho, jim, ní, něj, jej, jíEMPTY(61277): se, to, si, které, který, která, co, tím, kteří, tom
Person seems to be lexical feature of PRON. 100% lemmas (22) occur only with one value of Person.
DET
9276 cs-pos/DET tokens (33% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: Poss=Yes (9276; 100%), Reflex=EMPTY (9276; 100%), PronType=Prs (8628; 93%), Gender=EMPTY (5890; 63%), Case=EMPTY (5404; 58%), Number=EMPTY (4993; 54%), Gender[psor]=EMPTY (4945; 53%), Number[psor]=Sing (4764; 51%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(2582; 28% of non-emptyPerson): naše, našich, naší, náš, našeho, naši, našem, můj, mého, moje2(256; 3% of non-emptyPerson): vaše, vaší, váš, vašeho, vaši, vašem, vašich, vašimi, vaším, tvá3(6438; 69% of non-emptyPerson): jeho, jejich, její, jejichž, jehož, jejím, jejíž, jejího, jejích, jejímžEMPTY(18537): své, této, tento, tohoto, svou, tato, těchto, tyto, svého, svých
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (5207; 59%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (72; 56%),
PRON –[acl]–> PRON (1; 100%).
Person in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]