expl
: expletive
The expl
relation captures expletive or pleonastic nominals. These are nominals that appear in an argument position of a predicate, but which do not themselves satisfy any of the semantic roles of the predicate.
In Slovene treebanks, this relation is mostly used for the clitic forms of the reflexive pronoun se (se, si; ‘oneself’) attached to inherently reflexive verbs, i.e. verbs that that cannot occur without se (e.g. oddahniti si/se ‘to be relieved’) or change the meaning when they do (e.g. dati se ‘can, be able to’ vs. dati ‘to give’). This also holds for the reflexive se occurring as a voice marker in passive constructions (e.g. se reče ‘is said’).
If, on the other hand, the reflexive functions as a nominal with a clearly identifiable semantic role, it is analyzed as direct (obj) or indirect (iobj) object.
In addition to the reflexive pronoun, the expl
relation is also used with accusative clitic forms of the personal pronouns ga ‘him’ and jo ‘her’ in verbal idiomatic expressions like in the examples below, where the pronoun lies outside the predicate-argument structure.
This relation is also applied to genitive pronouns in cases where the pronoun and subject refer to the same participant. This often happens in negated sentences.
expl in other languages: [bg] [de] [el] [en] [fr] [fro] [gsw] [it] [no] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [sv] [u] [yue]