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expl: expletive

expl are nominals that appear in an argument position of a predicate but which do not themselves satisfy any of the semantic roles of the predicate. The main predicate of the clause (the verb or predicate adjective or noun) is the governor.

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# visual-style 7 5 expl	color:blue
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
1	Si	_	ADV	ADVgen	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	feroiz	_	VERB	VERcjg	_	0	root	_	_
3	dame	_	NOUN	NOMcom	_	2	vocative	_	_
4	s'	_	SCONJ	CONsub	_	7	mark	_	_
5	il	_	PRON	PROimp	_	7	expl	_	_
6	vos	_	PRON	PROper	_	7	iobj	_	_
7	siet	_	VERB	VERcjg	_	2	advcl	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "ADV", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "VERB", [ [ 3, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "NOUN", [ [ 10, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "SCONJ", [ [ 15, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "PRON", [ [ 18, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "PRON", [ [ 21, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "VERB", [ [ 25, 29 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R0", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R2", "vocative", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R3", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R4", "expl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R5", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R6", "advcl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: ADVgen" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VERcjg" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NOMcom" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: CONsub" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PROimp" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PROper" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VERcjg" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "embedded-1-S1-T5", "expl" ], "color", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "fgColor", "white" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ],
    "text": "Si feroiz dame s' il vos siet",
    "error": false
}

In Old French, the expletive relation is also used for reflexive pronouns attached to inherently reflexive verbs:

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
# visual-style 4 3 expl	color:blue
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
1	Car	_	CCONJ	CONcoo	_	4	cc:nc	_	_
2	bien	_	ADV	ADVgen	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	s'	_	PRON	PROper	_	4	expl	_	_
4	esforcera	_	VERB	VERcjg	_	0	root	_	_
5	s'	_	SCONJ	CONsub	_	7	mark	_	_
6	il	_	PRON	PROper	_	7	nsubj	_	_
7	vialt	_	VERB	VERcjg	_	4	advcl	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "CCONJ", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "ADV", [ [ 4, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "PRON", [ [ 9, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "VERB", [ [ 12, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "SCONJ", [ [ 22, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "PRON", [ [ 25, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T7", "VERB", [ [ 28, 33 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R0", "cc:nc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R1", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R2", "expl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R3", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R4", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R5", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R6", "advcl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: CONcoo" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: ADVgen" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PROper" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VERcjg" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: CONsub" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PROper" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VERcjg" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "embedded-2-S1-T3", "expl" ], "color", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "fgColor", "white" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ],
    "text": "Car bien s' esforcera s' il vialt",
    "error": false
}

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