PartType: particle type
| Values: | Aspect | Case | Der | Evident | Foc | Neg | Pred | Top | Disc |
Aspect: Aspectual particle
The particle ta is linked to to the verb, and adds the iterative/continuous/inchoative aspect to the TAM expressed by the AUX. It is annotated with the feature ‘Aspect=Iter’ and glossed ‘iterative’.
Examples
- sunàː ta tàhiyàː “They went on travelling.” (Northern Hausa)
Case: Case particle
The particle na(Masc/Plur)/ta(Fem) is a linker expressing the Genitive Case. Contrary to ADPs, this particle agrees in number and gender with the governor.
Examples
- yaː kai zìyaːr̃àː zuwàː Afìr̃kà ta Yâmma “He visited West Africa” (Eastern Hausa)
Der: Derivational particle
The particle mài(Sing)/màːsu(Plur) e.g. derives a compound noun from a verb or a property term.
Examples
- màːsu kiːwòn, bàː sun cikà kùlaː ba nèː “The cattle drivers, they are not really careful.” (Southern Hausa)
Evident: Evidential particle
Expresses Non-first-hearer meaning. Glossed ‘reportedly’. Annotated with the feature ‘Evident=Nfh’
Examples
- wai wâː ya sâː à kashè bàːbanshì “[They say] the elder brother had his father killed.” (Southern Hausa)
Foc: Focalization particle
Examples
- yànzu inàː matsayin yaːrònshì nèː “Now I stand for his son.” (Southern Hausa)
Neg: Negation particle
Examples
- bàː wata wàhalàː ba “There was no problem at all.” (Northern Hausa)
Pred: Predicative particle
Examples
- baːbù bàutaː s’àkaːniːnai dà suː “There is no slavery between him and them.” (Northern Hausa)
Top: Topicalisation particle
Examples
- shiː maː mù jeː mù sayar̃ “And then we sold them.” (Southern Hausa)
- abìnga dai < wasu ƴan maːtaː nàː biyu “There were two girls.” (Northern Hausa)
Disc: Discourse particle
Examples
- _in yaɗ ɗèːbi àkàihwun hannuwàː, kuma<_b> sai shì ɗeːboː na ƙaːhuwàː_ "After taking the fingernails, let him take the toenails" (Western Hausa)
PartType in other languages: [af] [de] [ga] [gd] [gv] [ha] [ka] [pcm] [ro] [say] [sga] [tl] [u] [uk] [xmf] [yrl] [zh]