PROPN
: proper noun
Definition
A proper noun is a noun that is the name of a specific individual, place, or object. Russian proper nouns are always written starting with an uppercase letter.
Single-word named entities should be tagged PROPN
though they originate
from a common noun (Грязь) (village) or an adjective (Белая) (river).
Even if they were originally adjectives and inflect according to adjectival
paradigms, they behave syntactically as nouns. For instance, Белая
(a river in Bashkortostan) is originally feminine form of the
adjective белый “warm” but as a geographical name, it is a noun.
It denotes a concrete location (rather than a property of somebody/something)
and its feminine gender is fixed (while adjectives have forms in all three
genders).
Note that adjectives derived from geographical names (русский, английский “Russian, English”)
are written in lowercase and are not tagged PROPN
.
Personal names are typically treated as a sequence of proper nouns
(one or more given names and one or more surnames).
If the name contains prepositions, conjunctions or articles (foreign names), these are tagged as ADP
, CONJ
and DET
,
respectively.
Russian (and other Slavic) multi-word named entities have internal syntactic
structure, which is preserved in the annotation. The headword is always noun
and there may be other nouns involved. They will be tagged either PROPN
or
NOUN
and possible ambiguities must be resolved individually.
Modifying adjectives are never tagged PROPN
. Even if an adjective is the
first word of a multi-word name, and thus it starts with an uppercase letter,
it is still tagged ADJ
.
Similarly, function words in named entities retain their normal tags.
These rules are less strict for foreign named entities where the original
part of speech is hidden for a Russian speaker.
Examples
- Белая.
ADJ
река.NOUN
“White River”. Even though the two words together are a name of a particular river, река is a common noun and is tagged as such. - Организация.
NOUN
Объединенных.ADJ
Наций.NOUN
“United Nations Organization” consists of three words, none of which is proper noun. However, the acronym ООН “UNO” is a single-token name and is taggedPROPN
.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)
There are 4883 PROPN
lemmas (25%), 5416 PROPN
types (18%) and 7074 PROPN
tokens (7%).
Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PROPN
is: 2 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PROPN
lemmas: РОССИЯ, США, СССР, УКРАИНА, ФРАНЦИЯ, МОСКВА, ГЕРМАНИЯ, АЛЕКСАНДР, ИСПАНИЯ, ВЛАДИМИР
The 10 most frequent PROPN
types: России, США, СССР, Украины, Франции, де, Германии, Европы, Испании, РФ
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ДЕ (PROPN 22, ADV 9, PART 2), ПЕТЕРБУРГ (PROPN 16, ADV 1), ТОМ (PROPN 9, NOUN 7), ДОН (PROPN 7, NOUN 2), МАРИЯ (PROPN 7, ADV 1), АВГУСТ (NOUN 41, PROPN 6), ВЕСТ (PROPN 5, ADV 2), РЕЙН (PROPN 5, ADV 1), СУ (PROPN 5, ADV 1), ВС (PROPN 4, NOUN 1)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: де (PROPN 20, ADV 8, PART 2), Вест (PROPN 5, ADV 2), Су (PROPN 5, ADV 1), ВС (PROPN 4, NOUN 1), Мария (PROPN 4, ADV 1), Сити (ADV 4, PROPN 4, NOUN 1), ЦК (PROPN 4, NOUN 4), АН (PROPN 3, NOUN 1), Али (PROPN 3, ADV 1), Жан (PROPN 3, ADV 2)
- де
- PROPN 20: При графе Тибо V де Блуа в 1170 году был возведён донжон .
- ADV 8: Является составной частью муниципалитета Повуа - де - Варзин .
- PART 2: Поп Григорий показывал : `` какая де на нем , архиерее , скорбь была , про тое де скорбь он , поп Григорий , не скажет , потому что за клятвою его , архиерейскою '' .
- Вест
- Су
- PROPN 5: Всего за время войны совершил 248 боевых вылетов ( 13 – на бомбардировщике Су - 2 и 235 – на бомбардировщике В - 25С ) .
- ADV 1: Расположено в центральной части территории горсовета , в 12 км к северу по шоссе ( Судак – Грушевка ) от Судака , в долине небольшой речки Суук - Су юго - восточного склона Главной гряды Крымских гор , высота центра села над уровнем моря 250 м .
- ВС
- Мария
- PROPN 4: Франческо Мария оказал заметное влияние на конклавы 1689 и 1700 годов .
- ADV 1: Из событий , произошедших в епархии Урхеля при Радульфе , наиболее значительным было повторное освящение епископом монастыря Санта - Мария - де - Риполь ( 25 июня 935 года ) , связанное с окончанием строительства главного монастырского храма , церкви Сан - Педро .
- Сити
- ADV 4: Он прогоняет Титана , но его выдаёт неправильное произношение названия города ( Метро́ - Сити вместо Ме́тро - Сити ) , и схватка заканчивается тем , что Хэлл лишается способностей .
- PROPN 4: В 2007 году на радио Сити - FM Алексей Трубецкой сказал , что предвыборная программа никогда не заканчивается .
- NOUN 1: В основной состав
ирисок '' Макфадден пробивался достаточно редко , почему в январе 2008 года и сменил клуб , перейдя в
Бирмингем Сити '' .
- ЦК
- PROPN 4: В июне 1945 года Абилов был направлен на учебу в Высшую партийную школу при ЦК ВКП ( б ) , где он проучился почти три года .
- NOUN 4: В 1929 году первый генеральный секретарь ЦК ТНРП ( Тувинская народно - революционная партия ) и первый Председатель правительства Тувы Буян - Бадыргы был арестован и в 1932 году казнён .
- АН
- Али
- PROPN 3: Хаджи Мухаммед в переписке с Москвой называл себя врагом Сахиб Гирея , в начале 1538 он в письме к Ивану IV предлагал послать в Крым 20 - тысячное войско во главе с Али , сыном Хасана , что было одобрено Москвой .
- ADV 1: В XVIII веке в городе правил могущественный владетель Али - паша Тепеленский .
- Жан
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PROPN
is 1.109154 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.591757).
The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “ВИЛЬГЕЛЬМ”: Вильге́льм, Вильгельм, Вильгельма, Вильгельмом, Вильгельму.
The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “ВЛАДИМИР”: Влади́мир, Владимир, Владимира, Владимиром, Владимиру.
The 3rd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “КОНСТАНТИН”: Константин, Константина, Константине, Константином, Константину.
PROPN
occurs with 4 features: ru-feat/Animacy (7074; 100% instances), ru-feat/Case (7074; 100% instances), ru-feat/Gender (7074; 100% instances), ru-feat/Number (7074; 100% instances)
PROPN
occurs with 13 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim
, Animacy=Inan
, Case=Acc
, Case=Dat
, Case=Gen
, Case=Ins
, Case=Loc
, Case=Nom
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, Gender=Neut
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
PROPN
occurs with 50 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing
(1622 tokens).
Examples: Владимир, де, Александр, Джон, Карл, Михаил, Сергей, Юрий, Алексей, Виктор
Relations
PROPN
nodes are attached to their parents using 24 different relations: ru-dep/nmod (2488; 35% instances), ru-dep/appos (1411; 20% instances), ru-dep/name (996; 14% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (947; 13% instances), ru-dep/conj (631; 9% instances), ru-dep/list (131; 2% instances), ru-dep/dobj (123; 2% instances), ru-dep/iobj (114; 2% instances), ru-dep/nsubjpass (68; 1% instances), ru-dep/root (51; 1% instances), ru-dep/goeswith (29; 0% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (20; 0% instances), ru-dep/advmod (16; 0% instances), ru-dep/amod (16; 0% instances), ru-dep/remnant (14; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/case (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/vocative (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/ccomp (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/nmod:agent (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod:entity (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/punct (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PROPN
nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: NOUN (3320; 47% instances), PROPN (1981; 28% instances), VERB (1570; 22% instances), ADJ (68; 1% instances), ROOT (51; 1% instances), ADV (32; 0% instances), ADP (30; 0% instances), NUM (15; 0% instances), PRON (2; 0% instances), SYM (2; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances)
3565 (50%) PROPN
nodes are leaves.
1838 (26%) PROPN
nodes have one child.
865 (12%) PROPN
nodes have two children.
806 (11%) PROPN
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PROPN
node is 37.
Children of PROPN
nodes are attached using 27 different relations: ru-dep/punct (1967; 27% instances), ru-dep/case (1059; 15% instances), ru-dep/name (995; 14% instances), ru-dep/conj (715; 10% instances), ru-dep/goeswith (649; 9% instances), ru-dep/amod (368; 5% instances), ru-dep/nmod (323; 4% instances), ru-dep/cc (317; 4% instances), ru-dep/appos (258; 4% instances), ru-dep/list (193; 3% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (66; 1% instances), ru-dep/acl (49; 1% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (46; 1% instances), ru-dep/nummod:entity (36; 1% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (35; 0% instances), ru-dep/det (33; 0% instances), ru-dep/remnant (20; 0% instances), ru-dep/advmod (19; 0% instances), ru-dep/discourse (13; 0% instances), ru-dep/mwe (9; 0% instances), ru-dep/cc:preconj (6; 0% instances), ru-dep/cop (5; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod:gov (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances)
Children of PROPN
nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: PUNCT (2279; 32% instances), PROPN (1981; 28% instances), ADP (1096; 15% instances), NOUN (469; 7% instances), ADJ (443; 6% instances), CONJ (323; 4% instances), ADV (314; 4% instances), VERB (138; 2% instances), NUM (63; 1% instances), DET (47; 1% instances), PART (16; 0% instances), SYM (14; 0% instances), PRON (8; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)
There are 8782 PROPN
lemmas (20%), 12185 PROPN
types (10%) and 39683 PROPN
tokens (4%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PROPN
is: 2 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PROPN
lemmas: россия, москва, сша, путин, ссср, европа, владимир, земля, александр, сергей
The 10 most frequent PROPN
types: России, США, СССР, Россия, В., Путин, Москве, А., Москвы, Путина
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: россия (PROPN 1723, NOUN 55), москва (PROPN 537, NOUN 16), сша (PROPN 474, NOUN 6), путин (PROPN 431, NOUN 27), ссср (PROPN 286, NOUN 3), европа (PROPN 275, NOUN 6), владимир (PROPN 252, NOUN 37), земля (NOUN 304, PROPN 233), александр (PROPN 218, NOUN 28), сергей (PROPN 214, NOUN 37)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: России (PROPN 1306, NOUN 5), США (PROPN 474, NOUN 6), СССР (PROPN 286, NOUN 3), Россия (PROPN 223, NOUN 46), В. (PROPN 205, NOUN 13), Путин (PROPN 197, NOUN 22), Москве (PROPN 196, NOUN 1), А. (PROPN 181, NOUN 24), Путина (PROPN 163, NOUN 2), Владимир (PROPN 159, NOUN 35)
- России
- США
- СССР
- Россия
- В.
- Путин
- Москве
- А.
- Путина
- Владимир
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PROPN
is 1.387497 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.665758).
The 1st highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “путин”: ПУТИН, ПУТИНА, ПУТИНЫМ, Путин, Путина, Путине, Путину, Путины, Путиным.
The 2nd highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “совет”: СОВЕТ, СОВЕТА, Совет, Совета, Совете, Советов, Советом, Совету, Советы.
The 3rd highest number of forms (8) was observed with the lemma “аль-каида”: Аль-Каеда, Аль-Каеды, Аль-Каида, Аль-Каиды, Аль-Кайеда, Аль-Кайеде, Аль-Кайеду, Аль-Кайеды.
PROPN
occurs with 4 features: ru-feat/Animacy (37448; 94% instances), ru-feat/Number (37442; 94% instances), ru-feat/Case (37436; 94% instances), ru-feat/Gender (36956; 93% instances)
PROPN
occurs with 15 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim
, Animacy=Inan
, Case=Acc
, Case=Dat
, Case=Gen
, Case=Ins
, Case=Loc
, Case=Nom
, Case=Par
, Case=Voc
, Gender=Fem
, Gender=Masc
, Gender=Neut
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
PROPN
occurs with 80 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing
(8639 tokens).
Examples: Путин, Владимир, Сергей, Александр, Медведев, В., Галилей, Ильич, А., Алексей
Relations
PROPN
nodes are attached to their parents using 24 different relations: ru-dep/nmod (16500; 42% instances), ru-dep/appos (5659; 14% instances), ru-dep/name (5359; 14% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (4819; 12% instances), ru-dep/conj (2705; 7% instances), ru-dep/foreign (1773; 4% instances), ru-dep/dobj (907; 2% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (751; 2% instances), ru-dep/root (310; 1% instances), ru-dep/nmod:agent (256; 1% instances), ru-dep/nsubjpass (187; 0% instances), ru-dep/advmod (177; 0% instances), ru-dep/compound (85; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (82; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (40; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (32; 0% instances), ru-dep/mwe (17; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (6; 0% instances), ru-dep/vocative (5; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod:entity (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/amod (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/mark (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/expl (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PROPN
nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (17757; 45% instances), VERB (10260; 26% instances), PROPN (9916; 25% instances), ADJ (729; 2% instances), ROOT (310; 1% instances), ADV (296; 1% instances), PRON (107; 0% instances), PART (93; 0% instances), X (91; 0% instances), NUM (64; 0% instances), SYM (43; 0% instances), CONJ (8; 0% instances), SCONJ (7; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances)
13322 (34%) PROPN
nodes are leaves.
16028 (40%) PROPN
nodes have one child.
6345 (16%) PROPN
nodes have two children.
3988 (10%) PROPN
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PROPN
node is 20.
Children of PROPN
nodes are attached using 29 different relations: ru-dep/punct (15448; 36% instances), ru-dep/case (7665; 18% instances), ru-dep/name (5210; 12% instances), ru-dep/conj (3098; 7% instances), ru-dep/nmod (2630; 6% instances), ru-dep/amod (2464; 6% instances), ru-dep/cc (1985; 5% instances), ru-dep/appos (893; 2% instances), ru-dep/foreign (887; 2% instances), ru-dep/advmod (742; 2% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (605; 1% instances), ru-dep/nummod (540; 1% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (415; 1% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (287; 1% instances), ru-dep/det (276; 1% instances), ru-dep/neg (102; 0% instances), ru-dep/cop (85; 0% instances), ru-dep/mark (51; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl (30; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod:gov (29; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (18; 0% instances), ru-dep/compound (12; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod:entity (11; 0% instances), ru-dep/mwe (5; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/nmod:agent (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/aux (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/discourse (2; 0% instances)
Children of PROPN
nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: PUNCT (15448; 36% instances), PROPN (9916; 23% instances), ADP (7662; 18% instances), NOUN (3125; 7% instances), ADJ (2228; 5% instances), CONJ (1911; 4% instances), VERB (967; 2% instances), NUM (564; 1% instances), PART (556; 1% instances), ADV (410; 1% instances), DET (276; 1% instances), SCONJ (146; 0% instances), X (135; 0% instances), AUX (75; 0% instances), PRON (57; 0% instances), SYM (22; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances)
PROPN in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]