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PROPN: proper noun

Definition

A proper noun is a noun that is the name of a specific individual, place, or object. Russian proper nouns are always written starting with an uppercase letter.

Single-word named entities should be tagged PROPN though they originate from a common noun (Грязь) (village) or an adjective (Белая) (river). Even if they were originally adjectives and inflect according to adjectival paradigms, they behave syntactically as nouns. For instance, Белая  (a river in Bashkortostan) is originally feminine form of the adjective белый  “warm” but as a geographical name, it is a noun. It denotes a concrete location (rather than a property of somebody/something) and its feminine gender is fixed (while adjectives have forms in all three genders).

Note that adjectives derived from geographical names (русский, английский  “Russian, English”) are written in lowercase and are not tagged PROPN.

Personal names are typically treated as a sequence of proper nouns (one or more given names and one or more surnames). If the name contains prepositions, conjunctions or articles (foreign names), these are tagged as ADP, CONJ and DET, respectively.

Russian (and other Slavic) multi-word named entities have internal syntactic structure, which is preserved in the annotation. The headword is always noun and there may be other nouns involved. They will be tagged either PROPN or NOUN and possible ambiguities must be resolved individually. Modifying adjectives are never tagged PROPN. Even if an adjective is the first word of a multi-word name, and thus it starts with an uppercase letter, it is still tagged ADJ. Similarly, function words in named entities retain their normal tags. These rules are less strict for foreign named entities where the original part of speech is hidden for a Russian speaker.

Examples


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian)

There are 4883 PROPN lemmas (25%), 5416 PROPN types (18%) and 7074 PROPN tokens (7%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PROPN is: 2 in number of lemmas, 3 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PROPN lemmas: РОССИЯ, США, СССР, УКРАИНА, ФРАНЦИЯ, МОСКВА, ГЕРМАНИЯ, АЛЕКСАНДР, ИСПАНИЯ, ВЛАДИМИР

The 10 most frequent PROPN types: России, США, СССР, Украины, Франции, де, Германии, Европы, Испании, РФ

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: ДЕ (PROPN 22, ADV 9, PART 2), ПЕТЕРБУРГ (PROPN 16, ADV 1), ТОМ (PROPN 9, NOUN 7), ДОН (PROPN 7, NOUN 2), МАРИЯ (PROPN 7, ADV 1), АВГУСТ (NOUN 41, PROPN 6), ВЕСТ (PROPN 5, ADV 2), РЕЙН (PROPN 5, ADV 1), СУ (PROPN 5, ADV 1), ВС (PROPN 4, NOUN 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: де (PROPN 20, ADV 8, PART 2), Вест (PROPN 5, ADV 2), Су (PROPN 5, ADV 1), ВС (PROPN 4, NOUN 1), Мария (PROPN 4, ADV 1), Сити (ADV 4, PROPN 4, NOUN 1), ЦК (PROPN 4, NOUN 4), АН (PROPN 3, NOUN 1), Али (PROPN 3, ADV 1), Жан (PROPN 3, ADV 2)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PROPN is 1.109154 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.591757).

The 1st highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “ВИЛЬГЕЛЬМ”: Вильге́льм, Вильгельм, Вильгельма, Вильгельмом, Вильгельму.

The 2nd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “ВЛАДИМИР”: Влади́мир, Владимир, Владимира, Владимиром, Владимиру.

The 3rd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “КОНСТАНТИН”: Константин, Константина, Константине, Константином, Константину.

PROPN occurs with 4 features: ru-feat/Animacy (7074; 100% instances), ru-feat/Case (7074; 100% instances), ru-feat/Gender (7074; 100% instances), ru-feat/Number (7074; 100% instances)

PROPN occurs with 13 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim, Animacy=Inan, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing

PROPN occurs with 50 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing (1622 tokens). Examples: Владимир, де, Александр, Джон, Карл, Михаил, Сергей, Юрий, Алексей, Виктор

Relations

PROPN nodes are attached to their parents using 24 different relations: ru-dep/nmod (2488; 35% instances), ru-dep/appos (1411; 20% instances), ru-dep/name (996; 14% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (947; 13% instances), ru-dep/conj (631; 9% instances), ru-dep/list (131; 2% instances), ru-dep/dobj (123; 2% instances), ru-dep/iobj (114; 2% instances), ru-dep/nsubjpass (68; 1% instances), ru-dep/root (51; 1% instances), ru-dep/goeswith (29; 0% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (20; 0% instances), ru-dep/advmod (16; 0% instances), ru-dep/amod (16; 0% instances), ru-dep/remnant (14; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/case (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/vocative (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/ccomp (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/nmod:agent (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod:entity (1; 0% instances), ru-dep/punct (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PROPN nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: NOUN (3320; 47% instances), PROPN (1981; 28% instances), VERB (1570; 22% instances), ADJ (68; 1% instances), ROOT (51; 1% instances), ADV (32; 0% instances), ADP (30; 0% instances), NUM (15; 0% instances), PRON (2; 0% instances), SYM (2; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances), PART (1; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances)

3565 (50%) PROPN nodes are leaves.

1838 (26%) PROPN nodes have one child.

865 (12%) PROPN nodes have two children.

806 (11%) PROPN nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PROPN node is 37.

Children of PROPN nodes are attached using 27 different relations: ru-dep/punct (1967; 27% instances), ru-dep/case (1059; 15% instances), ru-dep/name (995; 14% instances), ru-dep/conj (715; 10% instances), ru-dep/goeswith (649; 9% instances), ru-dep/amod (368; 5% instances), ru-dep/nmod (323; 4% instances), ru-dep/cc (317; 4% instances), ru-dep/appos (258; 4% instances), ru-dep/list (193; 3% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (66; 1% instances), ru-dep/acl (49; 1% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (46; 1% instances), ru-dep/nummod:entity (36; 1% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (35; 0% instances), ru-dep/det (33; 0% instances), ru-dep/remnant (20; 0% instances), ru-dep/advmod (19; 0% instances), ru-dep/discourse (13; 0% instances), ru-dep/mwe (9; 0% instances), ru-dep/cc:preconj (6; 0% instances), ru-dep/cop (5; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod:gov (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances)

Children of PROPN nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: PUNCT (2279; 32% instances), PROPN (1981; 28% instances), ADP (1096; 15% instances), NOUN (469; 7% instances), ADJ (443; 6% instances), CONJ (323; 4% instances), ADV (314; 4% instances), VERB (138; 2% instances), NUM (63; 1% instances), DET (47; 1% instances), PART (16; 0% instances), SYM (14; 0% instances), PRON (8; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Russian-SynTagRus)

There are 8782 PROPN lemmas (20%), 12185 PROPN types (10%) and 39683 PROPN tokens (4%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PROPN is: 2 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 7 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PROPN lemmas: россия, москва, сша, путин, ссср, европа, владимир, земля, александр, сергей

The 10 most frequent PROPN types: России, США, СССР, Россия, В., Путин, Москве, А., Москвы, Путина

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: россия (PROPN 1723, NOUN 55), москва (PROPN 537, NOUN 16), сша (PROPN 474, NOUN 6), путин (PROPN 431, NOUN 27), ссср (PROPN 286, NOUN 3), европа (PROPN 275, NOUN 6), владимир (PROPN 252, NOUN 37), земля (NOUN 304, PROPN 233), александр (PROPN 218, NOUN 28), сергей (PROPN 214, NOUN 37)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: России (PROPN 1306, NOUN 5), США (PROPN 474, NOUN 6), СССР (PROPN 286, NOUN 3), Россия (PROPN 223, NOUN 46), В. (PROPN 205, NOUN 13), Путин (PROPN 197, NOUN 22), Москве (PROPN 196, NOUN 1), А. (PROPN 181, NOUN 24), Путина (PROPN 163, NOUN 2), Владимир (PROPN 159, NOUN 35)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PROPN is 1.387497 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.665758).

The 1st highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “путин”: ПУТИН, ПУТИНА, ПУТИНЫМ, Путин, Путина, Путине, Путину, Путины, Путиным.

The 2nd highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “совет”: СОВЕТ, СОВЕТА, Совет, Совета, Совете, Советов, Советом, Совету, Советы.

The 3rd highest number of forms (8) was observed with the lemma “аль-каида”: Аль-Каеда, Аль-Каеды, Аль-Каида, Аль-Каиды, Аль-Кайеда, Аль-Кайеде, Аль-Кайеду, Аль-Кайеды.

PROPN occurs with 4 features: ru-feat/Animacy (37448; 94% instances), ru-feat/Number (37442; 94% instances), ru-feat/Case (37436; 94% instances), ru-feat/Gender (36956; 93% instances)

PROPN occurs with 15 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim, Animacy=Inan, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Case=Par, Case=Voc, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing

PROPN occurs with 80 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing (8639 tokens). Examples: Путин, Владимир, Сергей, Александр, Медведев, В., Галилей, Ильич, А., Алексей

Relations

PROPN nodes are attached to their parents using 24 different relations: ru-dep/nmod (16500; 42% instances), ru-dep/appos (5659; 14% instances), ru-dep/name (5359; 14% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (4819; 12% instances), ru-dep/conj (2705; 7% instances), ru-dep/foreign (1773; 4% instances), ru-dep/dobj (907; 2% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (751; 2% instances), ru-dep/root (310; 1% instances), ru-dep/nmod:agent (256; 1% instances), ru-dep/nsubjpass (187; 0% instances), ru-dep/advmod (177; 0% instances), ru-dep/compound (85; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (82; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (40; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (32; 0% instances), ru-dep/mwe (17; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (6; 0% instances), ru-dep/vocative (5; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod:entity (4; 0% instances), ru-dep/amod (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/mark (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/expl (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PROPN nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (17757; 45% instances), VERB (10260; 26% instances), PROPN (9916; 25% instances), ADJ (729; 2% instances), ROOT (310; 1% instances), ADV (296; 1% instances), PRON (107; 0% instances), PART (93; 0% instances), X (91; 0% instances), NUM (64; 0% instances), SYM (43; 0% instances), CONJ (8; 0% instances), SCONJ (7; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances)

13322 (34%) PROPN nodes are leaves.

16028 (40%) PROPN nodes have one child.

6345 (16%) PROPN nodes have two children.

3988 (10%) PROPN nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PROPN node is 20.

Children of PROPN nodes are attached using 29 different relations: ru-dep/punct (15448; 36% instances), ru-dep/case (7665; 18% instances), ru-dep/name (5210; 12% instances), ru-dep/conj (3098; 7% instances), ru-dep/nmod (2630; 6% instances), ru-dep/amod (2464; 6% instances), ru-dep/cc (1985; 5% instances), ru-dep/appos (893; 2% instances), ru-dep/foreign (887; 2% instances), ru-dep/advmod (742; 2% instances), ru-dep/parataxis (605; 1% instances), ru-dep/nummod (540; 1% instances), ru-dep/acl:relcl (415; 1% instances), ru-dep/nsubj (287; 1% instances), ru-dep/det (276; 1% instances), ru-dep/neg (102; 0% instances), ru-dep/cop (85; 0% instances), ru-dep/mark (51; 0% instances), ru-dep/acl (30; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod:gov (29; 0% instances), ru-dep/advcl (18; 0% instances), ru-dep/compound (12; 0% instances), ru-dep/nummod:entity (11; 0% instances), ru-dep/mwe (5; 0% instances), ru-dep/iobj (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/nmod:agent (3; 0% instances), ru-dep/aux (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/dep (2; 0% instances), ru-dep/discourse (2; 0% instances)

Children of PROPN nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: PUNCT (15448; 36% instances), PROPN (9916; 23% instances), ADP (7662; 18% instances), NOUN (3125; 7% instances), ADJ (2228; 5% instances), CONJ (1911; 4% instances), VERB (967; 2% instances), NUM (564; 1% instances), PART (556; 1% instances), ADV (410; 1% instances), DET (276; 1% instances), SCONJ (146; 0% instances), X (135; 0% instances), AUX (75; 0% instances), PRON (57; 0% instances), SYM (22; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances)


PROPN in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]