This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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Tense: tense

Tense is an inflectional feature of nouns and auxiliaries that specifies the time when the action took / takes / will take place, in relation to the current moment or to another action in the utterance. In Slovenian, only Present tense and Future tense can be expressed morphologically, while past tense is formed syntactically, by a combination of a present auxiliary verb biti “to be” and past participle (l-participle), e.g. sem šel “I went”.

Pres: present tense

The present tense denotes actions that are happening right now or that usually happen.

Examples

Fut: future tense

The future tense denotes actions that will happen after the current moment. Simmilarly to past tense, future tense for most Slovenian verbs is formed by a combination of future auxiliary verb biti “to be “ and l-participle (bom hodil “I will walk”). Thus, the Tense=Fut feature is only to biti that can either be used as a content or auxiliary verb.

Examples:

Conversion from JOS

All verbs with VForm=present are converted to UD Tense=Pres and all verbs with VForm=future are converted to UD Ťense=Fut. We do not assign tense to other verb forms, such as participle, infinitive, supine, conditional and imperative.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 2 different values: Fut, Pres.

14222 tokens (10%) have a non-empty value of Tense. 2474 types (8%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense. 1339 lemmas (8%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense. The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: sl-pos/VERB (7982; 6% instances), sl-pos/AUX (6240; 4% instances).

VERB

7982 sl-pos/VERB tokens (46% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Tense co-occurred: Gender=EMPTY (7982; 100%), Mood=Ind (7982; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (7982; 100%), Person=3 (6521; 82%), Number=Sing (5086; 64%), Negative=EMPTY (4860; 61%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Tense:

Paradigm bitiPresFut
Aspect=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=3bijejo
Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1nisem
Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2nisi
Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3ni
Negative=Neg|Number=Dual|Person=3nista
Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1nismo
Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2niste
Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3niso
Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1sembom
Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2siboš
Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3jebo
Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=1sva
Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=2bosta
Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=3stabosta
Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1smobomo
Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2steboste
Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3sobodo

Tense seems to be lexical feature of VERB. 100% lemmas (1338) occur only with one value of Tense.

AUX

6240 sl-pos/AUX tokens (87% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Tense co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (6240; 100%), Mood=Ind (6240; 100%), Negative=Pos (5809; 93%), Person=3 (5345; 86%), Number=Sing (4202; 67%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Tense:

Paradigm bitiPresFut
Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1nisem
Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2nisi
Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3ni
Negative=Neg|Number=Dual|Person=1nisva
Negative=Neg|Number=Dual|Person=3nista
Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1nismo
Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2niste
Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3niso
Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1sembom
Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2si, as
Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3jebo
Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=1svabova
Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=2sta
Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=3stabosta
Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1smobomo
Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2steboste
Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3sobodo, bojo

Relations with Agreement in Tense

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Tense: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (415; 72%), VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (267; 51%), VERB –[mwe]–> VERB (1; 100%), AUX –[conj]–> VERB (1; 100%).


Treebank Statistics (UD_Slovenian-SST)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 2 different values: Fut, Pres.

3946 tokens (13%) have a non-empty value of Tense. 707 types (12%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense. 436 lemmas (11%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense. The feature is used with 2 part-of-speech tags: sl-pos/VERB (2824; 10% instances), sl-pos/AUX (1122; 4% instances).

VERB

2824 sl-pos/VERB tokens (61% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Tense co-occurred: Mood=Ind (2824; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (2824; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (2824; 100%), Number=Sing (2088; 74%), Person=3 (1720; 61%), Negative=EMPTY (1546; 55%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Tense:

Paradigm bitiPresFut
Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1nisem
Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2nisi
Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3ni
Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1nismo
Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2niste
Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3niso
Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1sembom
Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2siboš
Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3jebo
Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=1svabova
Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=3stabosta
Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1smobomo
Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2ste
Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3sobodo, bojo

Tense seems to be lexical feature of VERB. 100% lemmas (435) occur only with one value of Tense.

AUX

1122 sl-pos/AUX tokens (89% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Tense co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (1122; 100%), Mood=Ind (1122; 100%), Negative=Pos (1044; 93%), Number=Sing (755; 67%), Person=3 (634; 57%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Tense:

Paradigm bitiPresFut
Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1nisem
Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2nisi
Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3ni
Negative=Neg|Number=Dual|Person=1nisva
Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1nismo
Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2niste
Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3niso
Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1sembom
Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2siboš
Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3je, bitibo
Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=1svabova
Negative=Pos|Number=Dual|Person=3stabosta
Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1smobomo
Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2steboste
Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3sobodo, bojo

Relations with Agreement in Tense

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Tense: VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (185; 54%), VERB –[conj]–> VERB (138; 73%), VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (87; 59%), VERB –[parataxis:discourse]–> VERB (61; 50%), VERB –[reparandum]–> VERB (36; 88%), VERB –[parataxis:restart]–> VERB (29; 53%), AUX –[reparandum]–> AUX (1; 100%).


Tense in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]