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vocative: vocative

The vocative relation is used to mark a dialogue participant addressed in text (common in conversations, emails and newsgroup postings). The relation links the addressee’s name to its host sentence.

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Killar , ta det lungt ! \n Guys , take it easy!
vocative(ta, Killar)
{
    "text": "Killar , ta det lungt ! \n Guys , take it easy! ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 16, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 22, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 26, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 33, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 38, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 41, 46 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "vocative", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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David , hur är läget ? \n David, how 's it going ?
vocative(hur, David)
{
    "text": "David , hur är läget ? \n David, how 's it going ? ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 15, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 21, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 25, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 32, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 36, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 39, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 42, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 48, 49 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "vocative", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish)

This relation is universal.

1 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as vocative.

1 instances of vocative (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 3.

The following 1 pairs of parts of speech are connected with vocative: VERB-NOUN (1; 100% instances).

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# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 4 vocative	color:blue
1	Fatta	fatta	VERB	VB|IMP|AKT	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
2	mod	mod	NOUN	NN|NEU|SIN|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	1	dobj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	MID	_	1	punct	_	_
4	hemmakvinnor	hemmakvinna	NOUN	NN|UTR|PLU|IND|NOM	Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Gender=Com|Number=Plur	1	vocative	_	_
5	!	!	PUNCT	MAD	_	1	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "VERB", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "NOUN", [ [ 6, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "PUNCT", [ [ 10, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "NOUN", [ [ 12, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "PUNCT", [ [ 25, 26 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-A1", "Mood", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "Imp" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A2", "VerbForm", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A3", "Voice", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "Act" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A4", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T2", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A5", "Definite", "embedded-3-S1-T2", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A6", "Gender", "embedded-3-S1-T2", "Neut" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A7", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T2", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A8", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A9", "Definite", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A10", "Gender", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Com" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A11", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Plur" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R0", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R1", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R2", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R3", "vocative", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R4", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: fatta" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: VB|IMP|AKT" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: mod" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NN|NEU|SIN|IND|NOM" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ," ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: MID" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: hemmakvinna" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: NN|UTR|PLU|IND|NOM" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: !" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: MAD" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "vocative" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ],
    "text": "Fatta mod , hemmakvinnor !",
    "error": false
}

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Swedish-LinES)

This relation is universal.

85 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as vocative.

45 instances of vocative (53%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 4.90588235294118.

The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with vocative: VERB-NOUN (42; 49% instances), VERB-PROPN (19; 22% instances), ADJ-NOUN (4; 5% instances), ADV-PROPN (4; 5% instances), NOUN-NOUN (4; 5% instances), ADJ-PROPN (3; 4% instances), NOUN-PROPN (3; 4% instances), INTJ-PROPN (2; 2% instances), INTJ-NOUN (1; 1% instances), PRON-NOUN (1; 1% instances), PRON-PROPN (1; 1% instances), PROPN-PROPN (1; 1% instances).

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# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 6 vocative	color:blue
1	Såg	_	VERB	PAST-ACT	_	0	root	_	_
2	ni	_	PRON	PERS-P2PL-NOM	_	1	nsubj	_	_
3	matchen	_	NOUN	SG-DEF-NOM	_	1	dobj	_	_
4	ikväll	_	ADV	_	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	1	punct	_	_
6	man	_	NOUN	SG-FGN	_	1	vocative	_	_
7	?	_	PUNCT	QuestionMark	_	1	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "VERB", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "PRON", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "NOUN", [ [ 7, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "ADV", [ [ 15, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "PUNCT", [ [ 22, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "NOUN", [ [ 24, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "PUNCT", [ [ 28, 29 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R0", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R2", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R3", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R4", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R5", "vocative", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PAST-ACT" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PERS-P2PL-NOM" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: SG-DEF-NOM" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Comma" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: SG-FGN" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: QuestionMark" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "embedded-4-S1-T6", "vocative" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ],
    "text": "Såg ni matchen ikväll , man ?",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 4 vocative	color:blue
1	"	_	PUNCT	Quote	_	2	punct	_	_
2	Utmärkt	_	ADV	_	_	0	root	_	_
3	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Dudley	_	PROPN	SG-NOM	_	7	vocative	_	_
5	"	_	PUNCT	Quote	_	2	punct	_	_
6	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	5	punct	_	_
7	sade	_	VERB	PAST-ACT	_	2	parataxis	_	_
8	morbror	_	NOUN	SG-IND-NOM	_	9	nmod	_	_
9	Vernon	_	PROPN	SG-NOM	_	7	nsubj	_	_
10	.	_	PUNCT	Period	_	2	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "PUNCT", [ [ 0, 1 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "ADV", [ [ 2, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "PUNCT", [ [ 10, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "PROPN", [ [ 12, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "PUNCT", [ [ 19, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "PUNCT", [ [ 21, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "VERB", [ [ 23, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "NOUN", [ [ 28, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T9", "PROPN", [ [ 36, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-T10", "PUNCT", [ [ 43, 44 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R0", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R2", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R3", "vocative", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R4", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R5", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R6", "parataxis", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R7", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R8", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T9" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-S1-R9", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-S1-T10" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Quote" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Comma" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: SG-NOM" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Quote" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Comma" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PAST-ACT" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: SG-IND-NOM" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: SG-NOM" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T10", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Period" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T4", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-5-S1-T7", "embedded-5-S1-T4", "vocative" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ],
    "text": "\" Utmärkt , Dudley \" , sade morbror Vernon .",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 3 vocative	color:blue
1	Naturligtvis	_	ADV	_	_	0	root	_	_
2	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Curtis	_	PROPN	SG-NOM	_	1	vocative	_	_
4	,	_	PUNCT	Comma	_	1	punct	_	_
5	sade	_	VERB	PAST-ACT	_	1	parataxis	_	_
6	Hjalmar	_	PROPN	SG-NOM	_	5	nsubj	_	_
7	.	_	PUNCT	Period	_	1	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "ADV", [ [ 0, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "PUNCT", [ [ 13, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "PROPN", [ [ 15, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "PUNCT", [ [ 22, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "VERB", [ [ 24, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "PROPN", [ [ 29, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "PUNCT", [ [ 37, 38 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R0", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R1", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R2", "vocative", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R3", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R4", "parataxis", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R5", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-S1-R6", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-S1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Comma" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: SG-NOM" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Comma" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: PAST-ACT" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: SG-NOM" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: _" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Period" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T3", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-6-S1-T1", "embedded-6-S1-T3", "vocative" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ],
    "text": "Naturligtvis , Curtis , sade Hjalmar .",
    "error": false
}

---

vocative in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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