ADV: adverb
ADV
Definition
In Pomak there are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner. They may also modify adjectives and other adverbs, as in játse húbbe (very well) or fazlá bóržo (more quickly).
There is a closed subclass of pronominal adverbs that refer to circumstances in context, rather than naming them directly; similarly to pronouns, these can be categorized as interrogative, relative, demonstrative etc. Pronominal adverbs also get the ADV part-of-speech tag but they are differentiated by additional features.
Examples
- Demonstrative adverbs:
-itúzi “here - the speaker - proximal”, itúka “there - the listener - medial”, itám / inám “over there - far away - distal”
- isǽ / isǽna / isægána “now”, itagáne “then - in the past”, inagáne “then - in the future” -isýj “like this - the speaker - proximal”, itýj “like this - listener - medial”, inýj “like that - a third party - distal”
- Interrogative adverbs:
- kugá “when”
- kadé “where”
- kak “how”
- kólko “how much”
- Relative adverbs:
- kugása “now that - present”, kugáta “then that - past”, kugána “then that - future”
- kadésa “here where - speaker - proximal”, kadéta “there where - listener - medial”, kadéna “over there where - far away - distal”
- káksa “how I/we- as I/me - speaker - proximal”, kákta “how you - as you - listener - medial”, kákna “how he/she/it/they - a third party - distal”
- kólkoso “so much as I/we - speaker - proximal”, kólkoto “so much as you - listener - medial”, kólkono “so much as he/she/it/them - a third party -distal”
- Many indefinite, negative and total adverbs are formed with the particles nǽ / nó, ní, sǽ proceeding the interogative adverb as a separate word:
- Indefinite adverbs:
- nǽ kugá “sometime - no matter when”
- nǽ kadé “somewhere - no matter where”
- nǽ kak “somehow - no matter how”
- nó kugá “sometime - unknown when”
- nó kadé “somewhere - unknown where”
- nó kak “somehow - unknown how”
- nó kólko “several - unknown how much”
- Negative adverbs:
- ní kugá “never”
- ní kadé “nowhere”
- ní kak “no way”
- ní kólko “not at all”
- Total adverbs:
- sǽ kugá “always”
- sǽ kadé “everywhere”
- sǽ kak “anyway”
- Indefinite adverbs:
- Adverbs of manner:
- huzlý “strongly”, usúlna / usulétna “lightly, ajá / aváška / javáška “slowly”, bóržo “quickly”, húbbe “good”, kámatne “nicely”
Adverbs of manner are also derived from several verbs such as: varveštǘn (vórvem) “walking”, surneštǘn (súrnom) “crowling”, baraštǘn (bárom) “groping”, plačeštǘn (pláčem) “crying”, fyrkaštǘn (fýrkom) “running”, smešeštǘn (smøm so) “laughing”
- atsóde / atsám, atsýj “towards here, towards there”
- nacýj, nasám “here and there”
- adgóre / addól “upwards / downwards”
- nagóre / nadól “upwards / downwards”
- blíze / duléče “near / far”
- nísce / visóce “low / high”
- atpréš / adzád “front / back”
- varhú “over (something)”
- Adverbs of time:
- fčéra, dnéska / búgün, útre “yesterday / today / tomorrow”
- laní, búsenæ, dagodíno “last year, this year, next year”
- pórne, sétne / azám “before, after / later”
- Other adverbs:
- Indefinite:
- annóš “once, sometime”
- bannóš “sometime / several times”
- ínak “otherwise”
- drúgade “elsewise”
- Total:
- dájma, vse, óla, vrit, le “always / all the time / continuously”
- Indefinite:
Note that there are words that may be traditionally called numerals in some languages but they are treated as adverbs in the universal tagging scheme. In particular, adverbial ordinal numerals are tagged as ADV.
- pórvo / birinǧí “first / initially / in the beginning / in the first phase”
- ikinǧí “secondly / in the second phase”
Several numeral adverbs are registered as ADV
Examples
- mlógo “a lot /much”
- málko / mífko “a little”
- játse “very”
- gajét “much”
- fazlá “more”
Multiplicative numerals that are registered as ADV
Examples
- annóš “one time, once”
- dvaš “two times, twice”
- triš “three times”
- čétriš “four times”
About the diminutives of the following adverbs (húbbefce [húbbe] “so and so”, duléčko [duléče] “a little far”) see the category DegreeModQpm.
The comparative and superlative degree of adverbs is formed with the adverbs po and naj respectively: they both are distinct words. Τhe feature Degree is used to denote the positive, comparative and superlative degre of adverbs and is assigned one of the values Pos, Cmp και Sup respectively. Only the comparative and the superlative degree have been declared so far while the positive degree is treated as the default.
ADV in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [ca] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [eu] [fi] [fro] [fr] [ga] [grc] [gub] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [uk] [u] [urj] [yue] [zh]