ADV: adverb
Definition
Adverbs are words that typically modify verbs for such categories as time, place, direction or manner. They may also modify adjectives, other adverbs (e.g., kaisa ǀgaisa “very strong”), and nominals (e.g., tsîn “also”, as in ǁîb tsîn ge ǃgâi. “Also he is good.”).
Adverbs that modify nominals get Case of the whole noun phrase (ǁîb tsîn ge ǂû-a ge mā. “Also he gave food” - ǁîb ge ǂû-i tsîna ge mā. “He also gave food”), and some also duplicate the Person, Gender, Number, and Assoc of the nominal (ǁîb ǀguib ge ǂû-i ge mā. “Only he gave food.” - ǁîb ǀguib ge ǂû-i ǀgui-a ge mā. “He only gave food.”).
There is a closed subclass of pronominal adverbs that refer to circumstances in context, rather than naming them directly (e.g., nēpa “here”); similarly to pronouns, these can be categorized as interrogative, relative, demonstrative etc.. Pronominal adverbs also get the ADV part-of-speech tag but they are differentiated by additional features.
Examples
-
kaisa “very”
-
ǃgâise “well”
-
ǂōrisase “exactly”
-
ǁari “day from now” (i.e., tomorrow or yesterday)
-
ǁgona “down”
-
interrogative adverbs: mâti “how”, mâtikō “how many”, mâpa “where”, mâǁae “when”
-
demonstrative adverbs: nēpa “here”, ǁnāpa “there”, naupa “there (at a distance)”
-
tsîn “also”, on “too”
-
ǀgui “only”
ADV in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [ca] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [eu] [fi] [fro] [fr] [ga] [grc] [gub] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [uk] [u] [urj] [xcl] [yue] [zh]