home edit page issue tracker

obl:agent: agent modifier of passive verbs

The relation obl:agent is used for agents of passive verbs. In Indonesian, the agent could be optionally preceded by preposition oleh “by”, which is what makes it oblique. For example:

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
dibentuk oleh kekuatan tektonik \n shaped by tectonic forces
obl:agent(dibentuk, kekuatan)
case(kekuatan, oleh)
nmod(kekuatan, tektonik)
obl:agent(shaped, forces)
{
    "text": "dibentuk oleh kekuatan tektonik \n shaped by tectonic forces ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 9, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 14, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 23, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 34, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 41, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 44, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 53, 59 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "obl:agent", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "obl:agent", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

The agent may also be realized as the clitic -nya attached to a passive verb. We split the verb and the clitic into two syntactic words. Here the clitic is coded the same way as a direct (core) object of active verbs. Nevertheless, we still attach it as obl:agent rather than obj:agent, in order to have consistent annotation of agents in passive clauses.

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
buku yang disukai nya \n the-book that loved by him
obl:agent(disukai, nya)
obl:agent(loved, him)
{
    "text": "buku yang disukai nya \n the-book that loved by him ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 24, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 33, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 38, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 44, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 47, 50 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "obl:agent", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "obl:agent", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T10" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Ia telah diingatkan Ibu sebelumnya . \n She had been warned by Mother before .
obl:agent(diingatkan, Ibu)
obl:agent(warned, Mother)
{
    "text": "Ia telah diingatkan Ibu sebelumnya . \n She had been warned by Mother before . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 20, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 24, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 35, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 39, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 43, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 47, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 52, 58 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 59, 61 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 62, 68 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T14", "token", [ [ 69, 75 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T15", "token", [ [ 76, 77 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "obl:agent", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "obl:agent", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T11" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T13" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

---

obl:agent in other languages: [cs] [cy] [de] [el] [fr] [hy] [id] [it] [kpv] [pa] [qpm] [ru] [sv] [tn] [tr] [u] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

© 2014–2024 Universal Dependencies contributors. Site powered by Annodoc and brat

.