expl: expletive argument
The expl relation is used for demonstrative pronouns which do not have a referent or serve an actual role in the discourse.
This generally occurs in interrogative constructions such as למה זה.
# sent_id = Masoretic-Genesis-18:13-hbo
# text = וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם לָ֣מָּה זֶּה֩ צָחֲקָ֨ה שָׂרָ֜ה לֵאמֹ֗ר הַאַ֥ף אֻמְנָ֛ם אֵלֵ֖ד וַאֲנִ֥י זָקַֽנְתִּי׃
# translit = ṿayoʼmer yehṿah ʼel ʼavraham lamah zeh tsaḥaḳah śarah leʼmor haʼaf ʼumnam ʼeled ṿaʼani zaḳanti
# visual-style 9 8 expl color:blue
1-2 וַיֹּ֥אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 וַ ו CCONJ conj _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=ṿa
2 יֹּ֥אמֶר אמר VERB verb Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Gloss=say|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=yoʼmer
3 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN nmpr Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=YHWH|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=yehṿah
4 אֶל אל ADP prep _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_18.13|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=ʼel
5 ־ ־ PUNCT punct _ 4 punct _ Ref=GEN_18.13|SpaceAfter=No
6 אַבְרָהָ֑ם אברהם PROPN nmpr Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=Abraham|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=ʼavraham
7 לָ֣מָּה למה ADV inrg _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=why|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=lamah
8 זֶּה֩ זה PRON prde Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 9 expl _ Gloss=this|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=zeh
9 צָחֲקָ֨ה צחק VERB verb Aspect=Perf|Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ Gloss=laugh|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=tsaḥaḳah
10 שָׂרָ֜ה שׂרה PROPN nmpr Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Sarah|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=śarah
11-12 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11 לֵ ל ADP prep ExtPos=SCONJ 16 mark _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=le
12 אמֹ֗ר אמר VERB verb HebBinyan=PAAL|VerbForm=Inf 11 fixed _ Gloss=say|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=ʼmor
13-14 הַאַ֥ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
13 הַ ה PART inrg _ 16 mark _ Gloss=<interrogative>|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=ha
14 אַ֥ף אף ADV advb _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=even|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=ʼaf
15 אֻמְנָ֛ם אמנם ADV advb _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=really|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=ʼumnam
16 אֵלֵ֖ד ילד VERB verb Aspect=Imp|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin 9 ccomp _ Gloss=bear|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=ʼeled
17-18 וַאֲנִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
17 וַ ו CCONJ conj _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=ṿa
18 אֲנִ֥י אני PRON prps Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=i|Ref=GEN_18.13|Translit=ʼani
19 זָקַֽנְתִּי זקן VERB verb Aspect=Perf|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ Gloss=be.old|Ref=GEN_18.13|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=zaḳanti
20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT punct _ 2 punct _ Ref=GEN_18.13
ויאמר יהוה אל־אברהם למה זה צחקה שרה לאמר האף אמנם אלד ואני זקנתי׃
ṿayoʼmer yehṿah ʼel ʼavraham lamah zeh tsaḥaḳah śarah leʼmor haʼaf ʼumnam ʼeled ṿaʼani zaḳanti
And The LORD said to Abraham “Why did Sarah laugh, saying ‘Will even I give birth, though I am old?’?”.
It also occurs in a small number of non-interrogative contexts as well.
# sent_id = Masoretic-Genesis-45:6-hbo
# text = כִּי־זֶ֛ה שְׁנָתַ֥יִם הָרָעָ֖ב בְּקֶ֣רֶב הָאָ֑רֶץ וְעֹוד֙ חָמֵ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־חָרִ֖ישׁ וְקָצִּֽיר׃
# translit = ki zeh shenatayim haraʻav beḳerev haʼarets ṿeʻod ḥamesh shanim ʼasher ʼen ḥarish ṿeḳatsir
# visual-style 8 3 expl color:blue
1 כִּי כי SCONJ conj _ 8 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=GEN_45.6|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=ki
2 ־ ־ PUNCT punct _ 1 punct _ Ref=GEN_45.6|SpaceAfter=No
3 זֶ֛ה זה PRON prde Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 8 expl _ Gloss=this|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=zeh
4 שְׁנָתַ֥יִם שׁנה NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 8 obl _ Gloss=year|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=shenatayim
5-6 הָרָעָ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5 הָ ה DET art PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=ha
6 רָעָ֖ב רעב NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=hunger|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=raʻav
7-8 בְּקֶ֣רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7 בְּ ב ADP prep _ 8 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=be
8 קֶ֣רֶב קרב NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=interior|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=ḳerev
9-10 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9 הָ ה DET art PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=ha
10 אָ֑רֶץ ארץ NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=earth|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=ʼarets
11-12 וְעֹוד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11 וְ ו CCONJ conj _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=ṿe
12 עֹוד֙ עוד ADV subs _ 8 conj _ Gloss=duration|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=ʻod
13 חָמֵ֣שׁ חמשׁ NUM subs Number=Sing|NumType=Card 14 nummod _ Gloss=five|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=ḥamesh
14 שָׁנִ֔ים שׁנה NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=year|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=shanim
15 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אשׁר SCONJ conj _ 16 mark _ Gloss=<relative>|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=ʼasher
16 אֵין אין VERB subs Mood=Ind|VerbForm=Fin 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=<NEG>|Ref=GEN_45.6|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=ʼen
17 ־ ־ PUNCT punct _ 18 punct _ Ref=GEN_45.6|SpaceAfter=No
18 חָרִ֖ישׁ חרישׁ NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=ploughing|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=ḥarish
19-20 וְקָצִּֽיר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19 וְ ו CCONJ conj _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=ṿe
20 קָצִּֽיר קציר NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=harvest|Ref=GEN_45.6|Translit=ḳatsir
21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT punct _ 8 punct _ Ref=GEN_45.6
כי־זה שנתים הרעב בקרב הארץ ועוד חמש שנים אשר אין־חריש וקציר׃
ki zeh shenatayim haraʻav beḳerev haʼarets ṿeʻod ḥamesh shanim ʼasher ʼen ḥarish ṿeḳatsir
“Because the famine has been in the midst of the land for two [years] and five years that will not have planting or harvesting remain.”
expl in other languages: [bg] [de] [el] [en] [fr] [fro] [gsw] [hbo] [it] [naq] [no] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [sv] [u] [yue]