neg: negation modifier
In Finnish, negation is marked using the verb ei, which is used as an auxiliary and assigned the dependency relation neg. The most commonly negated elements are verbs and verb phrases, but occasional exceptions in verbless constructions are allowed.
If a conjunction or adverb has been merged together with ei, as in for instance ettei (että+ei “that+not”) or miksei (miksi+ei “why+not”), then the word is marked as a conjunction or an adverb rather than a negation verb. However, eikä “and+not”, when it appears alone and not coordinating another clause or phrase, is still marked as neg.
Hän ei sanonut mitään . \n He didn't say anything .
nsubj(sanonut-3, Hän-1)
neg(sanonut-3, ei-2)
dobj(sanonut-3, mitään-4)
punct(sanonut-3, .-5)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This relation is universal.
1755 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as neg.
1749 instances of neg (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.96923076923077.
The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with neg: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (1478; 84% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (120; 7% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (111; 6% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (32; 2% instances), fi-pos/AUX-fi-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 4 neg color:blue
1 Se se PRON Pron Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ _
2 sisäinen sisäinen ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing 3 amod _ _
3 lapseni lapsi NOUN N Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1 6 nsubj 7:nsubj _
4 ei ei VERB V Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 neg _ _
5 vaan vaan ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
6 suostu suostua VERB V Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
7 katoamaan kadota VERB V Case=Ill|InfForm=3|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 6 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 1 neg color:blue
1 Eivätkö ei VERB V Clitic=Ko|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 neg _ _
2 olekin olla VERB V Clitic=Kin|Connegative=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _
3 kivat kiva ADJ A Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Plur 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
4 ? ? PUNCT Punct _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 2 neg color:blue
1 - - PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
2 Ei ei VERB V Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 neg _ _
3 kun kun ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
4 ihan ihan ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
5 aikuisten aikuinen NOUN N Case=Gen|Number=Plur 6 nmod:poss _ _
6 töissä työ NOUN N Case=Ine|Number=Plur 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
7 . . PUNCT Punct _ 6 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This relation is universal.
2898 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as neg.
2887 instances of neg (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.02518978605935.
The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with neg: fi-pos/VERB-fi-pos/VERB (2519; 87% instances), fi-pos/NOUN-fi-pos/VERB (181; 6% instances), fi-pos/ADJ-fi-pos/VERB (158; 5% instances), fi-pos/PRON-fi-pos/VERB (25; 1% instances), fi-pos/NUM-fi-pos/VERB (6; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN-fi-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV-fi-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), fi-pos/X-fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 3 neg color:blue
1 Dora dora PROPN N,Prop,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _
2 puolestaan puolestaan ADV Pcle _ 4 advmod _ _
3 ei ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg3 Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act 4 neg _ _
4 huolestunut huolestua VERB V,Act,Ind,Past,Sg,ConNeg Conneg=Yes|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
5 . . PUNCT Pun _ 4 punct _ _
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 2 neg color:blue
1 Koiran koira NOUN N,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _
2 ei ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg3 Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Act 8 neg _ _
3 pitäisi pitää VERB V,Act,Cond,ConNeg Conneg=Yes|Mood=Cnd|Voice=Act 8 aux _ _
4 olla olla VERB V,Act,InfA,Lat Case=Lat|InfForm=1|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 8 cop _ _
5 minkään mikään DET Pron,Qnt,Gen Case=Gen 6 det _ _
6 muun muu DET Pron,Qnt,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing 7 det _ _
7 asian asia NOUN N,Sg,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _
8 korvike korvike NOUN N,Sg,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
9 . . PUNCT Pun _ 8 punct _ _
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 2 neg color:blue
1 Sinä sinä PRON Pron,Pers,Sg2,Nom Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _
2 et ei VERB V,Neg,Act,Sg2 Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2|Voice=Act 6 neg _ _
3 ole olla VERB V,Act,Ind,Pres,ConNeg Conneg=Yes|Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act 6 cop _ _
4 yhtään yhtään ADV Adv _ 6 advmod _ _
5 hänen hän DET Pron,Pers,Sg3,Gen Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 det _ _
6 näköisensä näköinen ADJ A,Sg,Nom,Px3 Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3 0 root _ _
7 ! ! PUNCT Pun _ 6 punct _ _
neg in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]