neg

home en/dep edit page issue tracker

`neg`: negation modifier

The negation modifier is the relation between a negation word and the word it modifies. It is used both for predicate negation (canonically, not) and nominal negation (canonically no). Dependents labeled neg in the current treebank are the following (in various lowercase/uppercase forms): n, n’t, neither, never, no, non, not, nt, t.



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
Bill is not a scientist
neg(scientist, not)
{
    "text": "Bill is not a scientist ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 14, 23 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "neg", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
Bill does n't drive
neg(drive, n't)
{
    "text": "Bill does n't drive ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 19 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "neg", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}



  
    input
    brat
    info
  
John saw no accidents
neg(accidents, no)
{
    "text": "John saw no accidents ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 21 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "neg", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

This relation is universal.

2630 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as neg.

2557 instances of neg (97%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.3574144486692.

The following 29 pairs of parts of speech are connected with neg: VERB-PART (1468; 56% instances), NOUN-DET (308; 12% instances), ADJ-PART (216; 8% instances), VERB-ADV (193; 7% instances), NOUN-PART (147; 6% instances), ADV-ADV (73; 3% instances), ADV-PART (59; 2% instances), ADJ-ADV (50; 2% instances), NOUN-ADV (42; 2% instances), AUX-PART (12; 0% instances), PRON-PART (11; 0% instances), PROPN-PART (10; 0% instances), PROPN-ADV (8; 0% instances), DET-ADV (5; 0% instances), DET-PART (4; 0% instances), ADJ-DET (3; 0% instances), NUM-ADV (3; 0% instances), PROPN-DET (3; 0% instances), ADJ-CONJ (2; 0% instances), NOUN-CONJ (2; 0% instances), NUM-DET (2; 0% instances), PRON-ADV (2; 0% instances), ADJ-AUX (1; 0% instances), ADJ-X (1; 0% instances), CONJ-PART (1; 0% instances), INTJ-INTJ (1; 0% instances), NUM-PART (1; 0% instances), VERB-AUX (1; 0% instances), VERB-CONJ (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 4 neg	color:blue
1	Yet	yet	CONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	_	5	neg	_	_
5	charge	charge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	dobj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	evacuation	evacuation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 neg	color:blue
1	No	no	DET	DT	_	2	neg	_	_
2	communications	communication	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	nothing	nothing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 4 neg	color:blue
1	those	those	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	_	6	neg	_	_
5	even	even	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_

neg in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

neg: negation modifier

Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

`neg`: negation modifier