ccomp: clausal complement
A clausal complement of a verb or adjective is a dependent clause which is a core argument. That is, it functions like an object of the verb, or adjective.
o PMDB vai procurar os presidentes
ccomp(vai, procurar)
Agora imagina que é chegado o momento.
ccomp(imagina, chegado)
Such clausal complements may be finite or nonfinite. However, if the subject of the clausal complement is controlled (that is, must be the same as the higher subject or object, with no other possible interpretation) the appropriate relation is xcomp.
The boss said to start digging
ccomp(said, start)
mark(start, to)
We started digging
xcomp(started, digging)
The key difference here is that, while it is possible to interpret the first
sentence to mean that the boss will not be doing any digging, in the second
sentence it is clear that the subject of digging can only be we. This is
what distinguishes ccomp and xcomp.
Additionally, ccomp is used with copulas.
The important thing is to keep calm.
ccomp(is, keep)
The problem is that this has never been tried .
ccomp(is, tried)
(In these cases, the copula is treated as a head. This is a somewhat inconsistent and ugly feature of the current UD. An alternative solution was adopted for this case in the Turku TDT. It may be worth considering adopting it in a revision of UD.)
Note: In earlier versions of SD/USD, complement clauses with nouns
like fact or report were also analyzed as ccomp. However, we
now analyze them as acl. Hence, ccomp does not appear in
nominals. This makes sense, since nominals normally do not take core
arguments.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Portuguese)
This relation is universal.
1977 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
1611 instances of ccomp (81%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 7.3697521497218.
The following 19 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/VERB (1570; 79% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/NOUN (179; 9% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/ADJ (173; 9% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/PRON (18; 1% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/NUM (7; 0% instances), pt-pos/SCONJ-pt-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), pt-pos/DET-pt-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/NOUN-pt-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/ADV (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/SYM (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/ADJ-pt-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), pt-pos/ADV-pt-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), pt-pos/CONJ-pt-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), pt-pos/PRON-pt-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/DET (2; 0% instances), pt-pos/ADP-pt-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/PRON-pt-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 4 ccomp color:blue
1 A o DET art|<artd>|F|S Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 solução solução NOUN n|F|S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
3 foi ser VERB v-fin|PS|3S|IND Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 negociar negociar VERB v-inf VerbForm=Inf 3 ccomp _ _
5 diretamente diretamente ADV adv _ 4 advmod _ _
6 com com ADP prp AdpType=Prep 8 case _ _
7 os o DET art|<artd>|M|P Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 jogadores jogador NOUN n|M|P Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 dobj _ _
9 . . PUNCT punc _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 3 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 3 ccomp color:blue
1 É ser VERB v-fin|PR|3S|IND Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _
2 uma um DET art|<arti>|F|S Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 3 det _ _
3 situação situação NOUN n|F|S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 ccomp _ _
4 absurda absurdo ADJ adj|F|S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 amod _ _
5 » » PUNCT punc _ 7 punct _ _
6 , , PUNCT punc _ 7 punct _ _
7 disse dizer VERB v-fin|PS|3S|IND Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
8 Taylor Taylor PROPN prop|M|S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
9 , , PUNCT punc _ 8 punct _ _
10 49 49 NUM num|<card>|M|P Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _
11 . . PUNCT punc _ 7 punct _ _
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 13 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 13 fgColor:white
# visual-style 13 8 ccomp color:blue
1 Enganei enganar VERB v-fin|PS|1S|IND Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 -me eu PRON pron-pers|<refl>|M/F|1S|ACC Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 1 dobj _ _
3 : : PUNCT punc _ 1 punct _ _
4 não não ADV adv _ 8 neg _ _
5 serie seriar VERB v-fin|COND|3S Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _
6 nem nem CONJ conj-c|<co-vfin>|<co-fmc> _ 8 cc _ _
7 o o DET art|<artd>|M|S Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 primeiro primeiro ADJ adj|<n>|<NUM-ord>|M|S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|NumType=Ord 13 ccomp _ _
9 nem nem CONJ conj-c|<co-sc> _ 8 cc _ _
10 o o DET art|<artd>|M|S Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 11 det _ _
11 último último ADJ adj|<n>|<NUM-ord>|M|S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|NumType=Ord 8 conj _ _
12 , , PUNCT punc _ 13 punct _ _
13 espero esperar VERB v-fin|PR|1S|IND Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ _
14 .. .. PUNCT punc _ 1 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Portuguese-Bosque)
This relation is universal.
1569 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
1220 instances of ccomp (78%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 8.77310388782664.
The following 16 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/VERB (1209; 77% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/NOUN (142; 9% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/ADJ (137; 9% instances), pt-pos/ADJ-pt-pos/VERB (21; 1% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/PRON (15; 1% instances), pt-pos/ADV-pt-pos/VERB (12; 1% instances), pt-pos/NOUN-pt-pos/VERB (12; 1% instances), pt-pos/NUM-pt-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), pt-pos/PRON-pt-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/ADV (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/SYM (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/DET-pt-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances), pt-pos/CONJ-pt-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/PROPN-pt-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 7 ccomp color:blue
1 Reis Reis PROPN PROP|M|S|@SUBJ> Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
2 não não ADV ADV|@ADVL> _ 3 neg _ _
3 quis querer VERB <mv>|V|PS|3S|IND|@FS-STA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 dizer dizer VERB <mv>|V|INF|@ICL-<ACC VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _
5 se se SCONJ KS|@SUB _ 7 mark _ _
6 também também ADV ADV|@ADVL> _ 7 advmod _ _
7 abandonará abandonar VERB <mv>|V|FUT|3S|IND|@FS-<ACC Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin 4 ccomp _ _
8 Esperidião Esperidião PROPN PROP|M|S|@<ACC Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 dobj _ MWE:Esperidião=Amin
9 Amin Amin PROPN PROP|@N< Number=Sing 8 name _ _
10 . . PUNCT PU|@PU _ 3 punct _ _
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 14 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 14 fgColor:white
# visual-style 14 4 ccomp color:blue
1 « « PUNCT PU|@PU _ 4 punct _ _
2 É ser VERB <mv>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-ACC> Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _
3 um um DET <arti>|ART|M|S|@>N Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
4 barco barco NOUN <np-idf>|N|M|S|@<SC Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 ccomp _ _
5 que que PRON <rel>|INDP|M|S|@SUBJ> Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _
6 vai ir AUX <aux>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-N< Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _
7 a a ADP PRP|@PRT-AUX< _ 8 nmod _ _
8 passar passar VERB <mv>|V|INF|@ICL-AUX< VerbForm=Inf 4 acl:relcl _ _
9 em em ADP <sam->|PRP|@<SA _ 11 case _ _
10 o o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|M|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 11 det _ _
11 mar mar NOUN <np-def>|N|M|S|@P< Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _
12 » » PUNCT PU|@PU _ 4 punct _ _
13 , , PUNCT PU|@PU _ 8 punct _ _
14 murmura murmurar VERB <mv>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-STA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
15 um um DET <arti>|ART|M|S|@>N Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 16 det _ _
16 assistente assistente NOUN <np-idf>|N|M|S|@<SUBJ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _
17 . . PUNCT PU|@PU _ 14 punct _ _
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 6 ccomp color:blue
1 Metade metade NOUN <np-idf>|N|F|S|@SUBJ> Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _
2 de de ADP PRP|@N<ARG _ 4 case _ _
3 os o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|M|P|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
4 Estados estado NOUN <prop>|<np-def>|N|M|P|@P< Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _
5 é ser VERB <mv>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-ACC> Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _
6 inviável inviável ADJ ADJ|F|S|@<SC Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 ccomp _ _
7 , , PUNCT PU|@PU _ 6 punct _ _
8 diz dizer VERB <mv>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-STA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
9 socióloga socióloga NOUN <np-idf>|N|F|S|@<SUBJ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Portuguese-BR)
This relation is universal.
2360 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as ccomp.
1634 instances of ccomp (69%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 9.49661016949153.
The following 18 pairs of parts of speech are connected with ccomp: pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/VERB (2043; 87% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/NOUN (234; 10% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/PRON (45; 2% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/PROPN (9; 0% instances), pt-pos/NOUN-pt-pos/VERB (8; 0% instances), pt-pos/PRON-pt-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/AUX (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/CONJ (3; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/ADP (2; 0% instances), pt-pos/ADJ-pt-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/ADP-pt-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/NOUN-pt-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/NOUN-pt-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/NOUN-pt-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/PRON-pt-pos/CONJ (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/PROPN-pt-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/X (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 6 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9 fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 6 ccomp color:blue
1 O _ DET DET _ 2 det _ _
2 couro _ NOUN NOUN _ 6 nsubj _ _
3 do _ ADP ADP _ 4 case _ _
4 peixe _ NOUN NOUN _ 2 nmod _ _
5 sempre _ ADV ADV _ 6 advmod _ _
6 rende _ VERB VERB _ 9 ccomp _ _
7 " _ PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _
8 , _ PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _
9 conta _ VERB VERB _ 0 root _ _
10 . _ PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _
# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 7 ccomp color:blue
1 " _ PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _
2 Eles _ PRON PRON _ 7 nsubjpass _ _
3 não _ ADV ADV _ 7 neg _ _
4 podem _ AUX AUX _ 7 aux _ _
5 ser _ AUX AUX _ 7 auxpass _ _
6 considerados _ VERB VERB _ 7 cop _ _
7 marginais _ NOUN NOUN _ 10 ccomp _ _
8 " _ PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _
9 , _ PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _
10 disse _ VERB VERB _ 0 root _ _
11 ele _ PRON PRON _ 10 nsubj _ _
12 . _ PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _
# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 4 ccomp color:blue
1 O _ DET DET _ 2 det _ _
2 grupo _ NOUN NOUN _ 4 nsubj _ _
3 é _ VERB VERB _ 4 cop _ _
4 esse _ PRON PRON _ 10 ccomp _ _
5 que _ PRON PRON _ 6 nsubj _ _
6 está _ VERB VERB _ 4 acl:relcl _ _
7 aqui _ ADV ADV _ 6 advmod _ _
8 " _ PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _
9 , _ PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _
10 declarou _ VERB VERB _ 0 root _ _
11 . _ PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _
ccomp in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]