This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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discourse: discourse element

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for discourse.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Latin-PROIEL)

This relation is universal.

5204 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as discourse.

4141 instances of discourse (80%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 3.65833973866257.

The following 17 pairs of parts of speech are connected with discourse: VERB-ADV (3809; 73% instances), NOUN-ADV (472; 9% instances), ADJ-ADV (332; 6% instances), PRON-ADV (190; 4% instances), ADV-ADV (132; 3% instances), ADP-ADV (102; 2% instances), PROPN-ADV (62; 1% instances), SCONJ-ADV (41; 1% instances), NUM-ADV (16; 0% instances), VERB-INTJ (14; 0% instances), NOUN-INTJ (12; 0% instances), X-ADV (9; 0% instances), INTJ-ADV (5; 0% instances), CONJ-ADV (3; 0% instances), ADJ-INTJ (2; 0% instances), PROPN-INTJ (2; 0% instances), CONJ-INTJ (1; 0% instances).

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# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 1 discourse	color:blue
1	nam	nam	ADV	Df	_	8	discourse	_	_
2	omnis	omnis	PRON	Px	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
3	civitas	civitas	NOUN	Nb	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	8	nsubjpass	_	_
4	Helvetia	Helvetia	PROPN	Ne	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	R-	_	7	case	_	_
6	quattuor	quattuor	NUM	Ma	_	7	nummod	_	_
7	pagos	pagus	NOUN	Nb	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	8	iobj	_	_
8	divisa	divido	VERB	V-	Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	est	sum	VERB	V-	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	8	cop	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "ADV", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "PRON", [ [ 4, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "NOUN", [ [ 10, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "PROPN", [ [ 18, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "ADP", [ [ 27, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "NUM", [ [ 30, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "NOUN", [ [ 39, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T8", "VERB", [ [ 45, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-T9", "VERB", [ [ 52, 55 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-1-S1-A1", "Case", "embedded-1-S1-T2", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A2", "Gender", "embedded-1-S1-T2", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A3", "Number", "embedded-1-S1-T2", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A4", "Case", "embedded-1-S1-T3", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A5", "Gender", "embedded-1-S1-T3", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A6", "Number", "embedded-1-S1-T3", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A7", "Case", "embedded-1-S1-T4", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A8", "Gender", "embedded-1-S1-T4", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A9", "Number", "embedded-1-S1-T4", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A10", "Case", "embedded-1-S1-T7", "Acc" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A11", "Gender", "embedded-1-S1-T7", "Masc" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A12", "Number", "embedded-1-S1-T7", "Plur" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A13", "Aspect", "embedded-1-S1-T8", "Perf" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A14", "Case", "embedded-1-S1-T8", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A15", "Gender", "embedded-1-S1-T8", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A16", "Number", "embedded-1-S1-T8", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A17", "Tense", "embedded-1-S1-T8", "Past" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A18", "VerbForm", "embedded-1-S1-T8", "Part" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A19", "Voice", "embedded-1-S1-T8", "Pass" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A20", "Mood", "embedded-1-S1-T9", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A21", "Number", "embedded-1-S1-T9", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A22", "Person", "embedded-1-S1-T9", "3" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A23", "Tense", "embedded-1-S1-T9", "Pres" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A24", "VerbForm", "embedded-1-S1-T9", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-A25", "Voice", "embedded-1-S1-T9", "Act" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R0", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R1", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R2", "nsubjpass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R3", "appos", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R4", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R5", "nummod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R6", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R7", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-S1-R8", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-S1-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: nam" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Df" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: omnis" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Px" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: civitas" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Nb" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: Helvetia" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Ne" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: in" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: R-" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: quattuor" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Ma" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: pagus" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Nb" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: divido" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: V-" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: sum" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: V-" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T8", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-1-S1-T8", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-1-S1-T8", "embedded-1-S1-T1", "discourse" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ],
    "text": "nam omnis civitas Helvetia in quattuor pagos divisa est",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 8 discourse	color:blue
1	nihil	nihil	PRON	Px	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fortunatius	fortunatus	ADJ	A-	Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	est	sum	VERB	V-	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	2	cop	_	_
4	Catulo	Catulus	PROPN	Ne	Case=Abl|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	2	iobj	_	_
5	cum	cum	ADV	Df	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	splendore	splendor	NOUN	Nb	Case=Abl|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	vitae	vita	NOUN	Nb	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
8	tum	tum	ADV	Df	_	9	discourse	_	_
9	tempore	tempus	NOUN	Nb	Case=Abl|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "PRON", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "ADJ", [ [ 6, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "VERB", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "PROPN", [ [ 22, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "ADV", [ [ 29, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "NOUN", [ [ 33, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T7", "NOUN", [ [ 43, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T8", "ADV", [ [ 49, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T9", "NOUN", [ [ 53, 60 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-2-S1-A1", "Case", "embedded-2-S1-T1", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A2", "Gender", "embedded-2-S1-T1", "Neut" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A3", "Number", "embedded-2-S1-T1", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A4", "Case", "embedded-2-S1-T2", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A5", "Degree", "embedded-2-S1-T2", "Cmp" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A6", "Gender", "embedded-2-S1-T2", "Neut" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A7", "Number", "embedded-2-S1-T2", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A8", "Mood", "embedded-2-S1-T3", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A9", "Number", "embedded-2-S1-T3", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A10", "Person", "embedded-2-S1-T3", "3" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A11", "Tense", "embedded-2-S1-T3", "Pres" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A12", "VerbForm", "embedded-2-S1-T3", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A13", "Voice", "embedded-2-S1-T3", "Act" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A14", "Case", "embedded-2-S1-T4", "Abl" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A15", "Gender", "embedded-2-S1-T4", "Masc" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A16", "Number", "embedded-2-S1-T4", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A17", "Case", "embedded-2-S1-T6", "Abl" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A18", "Gender", "embedded-2-S1-T6", "Masc" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A19", "Number", "embedded-2-S1-T6", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A20", "Case", "embedded-2-S1-T7", "Gen" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A21", "Gender", "embedded-2-S1-T7", "Fem" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A22", "Number", "embedded-2-S1-T7", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A23", "Case", "embedded-2-S1-T9", "Abl" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A24", "Gender", "embedded-2-S1-T9", "Neut" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A25", "Number", "embedded-2-S1-T9", "Sing" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R0", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R2", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R3", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R4", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R5", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R6", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R7", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R8", "conj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: nihil" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Px" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: fortunatus" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: A-" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: sum" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: V-" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: Catulus" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Ne" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: cum" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Df" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: splendor" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Nb" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: vita" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Nb" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: tum" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Df" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: tempus" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Nb" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T8", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T8", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T9", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T9", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T9", "embedded-2-S1-T8", "discourse" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ],
    "text": "nihil fortunatius est Catulo cum splendore vitae tum tempore",
    "error": false
}

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# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 2 discourse	color:blue
1	noster	noster	PRON	Ps	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
2	autem	autem	ADV	Df	_	5	discourse	_	_
3	status	status	NOUN	Nb	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	est	sum	VERB	V-	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	5	cop	_	_
5	hic	hic	ADJ	Pd	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "PRON", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "ADV", [ [ 7, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "NOUN", [ [ 13, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "VERB", [ [ 20, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "ADJ", [ [ 24, 27 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-A1", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A2", "Gender", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "Masc" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A3", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A4", "Person", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "1" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A5", "Poss", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "Yes" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A6", "PronType", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "Prs" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A7", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A8", "Gender", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Masc" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A9", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A10", "Mood", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A11", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A12", "Person", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "3" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A13", "Tense", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Pres" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A14", "VerbForm", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A15", "Voice", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Act" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A16", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T5", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A17", "Gender", "embedded-3-S1-T5", "Masc" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A18", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T5", "Sing" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R0", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R1", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R2", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R3", "cop", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R4", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: noster" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Ps" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: autem" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Df" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: status" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Nb" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: sum" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: V-" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: hic" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Pd" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "embedded-3-S1-T2", "discourse" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ],
    "text": "noster autem status est hic",
    "error": false
}

---

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