This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

home got/feat issue tracker

Gender: gender

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for Gender.

---

Treebank Statistics (UD_Gothic)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 3 different values: Fem, Masc, Neut. Some words have combined values of the feature; 3 combinations have been observed: Fem|Masc, Fem|Neut, Masc|Neut.

28082 tokens (50%) have a non-empty value of Gender. 5449 types (62%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Gender. 2504 lemmas (75%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Gender. The feature is used with 7 part-of-speech tags: got-pos/NOUN (10320; 18% instances), got-pos/PRON (8020; 14% instances), got-pos/ADJ (3235; 6% instances), got-pos/VERB (2672; 5% instances), got-pos/DET (1805; 3% instances), got-pos/PROPN (1739; 3% instances), got-pos/NUM (291; 1% instances).

NOUN

10320 got-pos/NOUN tokens (99% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (7794; 76%).

NOUN tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (3423; 33% of non-empty Gender): managein, sunjai, manageins, galaubeinai, galaubein, managei, marein, airþai, baurg, sunja
• Fem,Masc (13; 0% of non-empty Gender): nidwa, ulbandau, ahak, ahakim, ahaks, frastim, grets, krusts, listins, maiþms
• Fem,Neut (4; 0% of non-empty Gender): malo, sunno
• Masc (4654; 45% of non-empty Gender): gudis, guþ, frauja, guda, fraujins, fraujin, manna, sunus, atta, sunaus
• Masc,Neut (55; 1% of non-empty Gender): skufta, anza, faihuþraihna, gramsta, lew, skauta, plat, sinapis, staþa, stomin
• Neut (2171; 21% of non-empty Gender): waurd, leika, andwairþja, leik, waiht, waurda, namin, witoda, witoþ, gawairþi
• EMPTY (70): sabbato, rabbei, paska, manna, pasxa, anaþaima, atisk, liugn, skaudaraip, alabalstraun

Paradigm sunno	Fem,Neut	Fem	Neut
Case=Acc		sunnon
Case=Dat			sunnin
Case=Nom	sunno

Gender seems to be lexical feature of NOUN. 99% lemmas (1196) occur only with one value of Gender.

PRON

8020 got-pos/PRON tokens (98% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Gender co-occurred: Poss=EMPTY (6901; 86%), PronType=Prs (5838; 73%), Number=Sing (5425; 68%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (781; 10% of non-empty Gender): izai, allai, þeina, meina, alla, sei, izwara, seinai, seina, izos
• Fem,Masc (331; 4% of non-empty Gender): izwis, jus, izwara, uns, unsis, weis, ik, sik, mik, þu
• Masc (5723; 71% of non-empty Gender): imma, izwis, ina, is, im, mis, ik, saei, mik, þus
• Masc,Neut (181; 2% of non-empty Gender): unsaris, seinamma, meinamma, unsar, unsaramma, þeinamma, allaize, silbin, izwaramma, izwaris
• Neut (1004; 13% of non-empty Gender): ƕa, þatei, all, alla, þoei, allata, mein, allamma, þein, ita
• EMPTY (137): allaim, izwaraim, izwis, meinaim, seinaim, mik, sis, ik, mis, unsaraim

Paradigm alls	Fem,Masc	Masc	Masc,Neut	Fem	Neut
Case=Acc|Number=Sing		allana		alla	all, allata
Case=Acc|Number=Plur		allans		allos	alla
Case=Dat|Number=Sing		allamma	allamma	allai	allamma
Case=Dat|Number=Plur	allaim	allaim		allaim	allaim
Case=Gen|Number=Sing				allaizos	allis
Case=Gen|Number=Plur		allaize	allaize	allaizo	allaize
Case=Nom|Number=Sing		alls		alla	all, allata
Case=Nom|Number=Plur		allai		allos	alla
Case=Voc|Number=Plur				allos

ADJ

3235 got-pos/ADJ tokens (99% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (2160; 67%), Degree=Pos (2074; 64%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (504; 16% of non-empty Gender): þo, þizai, anþara, so, aiweinon, mikilai, managos, taihswon, mikila, managa
• Fem,Masc (2; 0% of non-empty Gender): sunjeins, þlaqus
• Fem,Neut (4; 0% of non-empty Gender): silbo, taihswo, waliso, wraiqo
• Masc (1732; 54% of non-empty Gender): sa, managai, þai, þamma, þana, silba, dauþaim, silban, silbans, þaim
• Masc,Neut (130; 4% of non-empty Gender): þamma, þis, godaize, anþaramma, silbam, jainamma, managamma, auhumistins, hrainjamma, liubin
• Neut (863; 27% of non-empty Gender): þata, þo, þamma, leitil, þat, goþ, anþar, manag, samo, ubil
• EMPTY (46): swesaim, anþaraim, framaþjaim, godaim, managaim, ·a·, ·b·, ahmeinaim, silbam, spedistaim

Paradigm silba	Fem,Neut	Masc	Masc,Neut	Fem	Neut
Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Strength=Strong					silbo
Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Strength=Weak		silban			silbo
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Strength=Weak		silbans
Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Strength=Strong		silbin	silbin
Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Strength=Weak		silbin	silbin
Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Strength=Weak		silbam	silbam
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Strength=Weak			silbins	silbons
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Strength=Strong	silbo				silbo
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Strength=Weak		silba		silbo	silbo
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Strength=Weak		silbans

VERB

2672 got-pos/VERB tokens (21% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Gender co-occurred: VerbForm=Part (2672; 100%), Person=EMPTY (2672; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (2672; 100%), Case=Nom (2024; 76%), Voice=Act (1952; 73%), Tense=Pres (1950; 73%), Number=Sing (1654; 62%), Strength=Strong (1384; 52%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (239; 9% of non-empty Gender): qiþandei, gasaiƕandei, gahausjandei, gibana, habandei, wisandein, atgaggandei, atgibana, qimandei, qiþandeins
• Masc (2106; 79% of non-empty Gender): qiþands, qiþandans, andhafjands, gasaiƕands, habandans, qimands, wisands, habands, wisandans, gasaiƕandans
• Masc,Neut (40; 1% of non-empty Gender): libandins, andhulidamma, wisandam, afwandjandane, ananiwidin, bimaitanaize, faursniwandam, frawardidaize, gabairhtjandin, gafriþondin
• Neut (287; 11% of non-empty Gender): gameliþ, skuld, gamelido, qiþan, atgiban, gamelid, hausjandona, waurþano, galeikaiþ, waurþanamma
• EMPTY (10252): ist, qaþ, was, warþ, qeþun, qiþa, sind, im, wairþiþ, qam

Paradigm wisan#1	Masc	Masc,Neut	Fem	Neut
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Strength=Strong|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass	wisan
Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Strength=Weak|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	wisandan			wisando
Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Strength=Weak|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	wisandans
Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Strength=Weak|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	wisandin		wisandein, wisandin	wisandin
Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Strength=Weak|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	wisandam	wisandam	wisandeim
Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Strength=Weak|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	wisandins	wisandins
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Strength=Strong|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	wisands
Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Strength=Weak|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act			wisandei
Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Strength=Weak|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act	wisandans			wisandona

DET

1805 got-pos/DET tokens (96% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (1186; 66%).

DET tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (346; 19% of non-empty Gender): so, þo, þizai, þos, þizos, þaim, þizo
• Masc (1015; 56% of non-empty Gender): sa, þai, þamma, þana, þans, þaim, þize, þis, sah
• Masc,Neut (121; 7% of non-empty Gender): þamma, þis, þize, þizei, þaim
• Neut (323; 18% of non-empty Gender): þata, þo, þamma, þis, þaim, þize, þat, þatuh
• EMPTY (75): þaim

Paradigm sa	Masc	Masc,Neut	Fem	Neut
Case=Acc|Number=Sing	þana		þo	þata, þat
Case=Acc|Number=Plur	þans		þos	þo
Case=Dat|Number=Sing	þamma	þamma	þizai	þamma
Case=Dat|Number=Plur	þaim	þaim	þaim	þaim
Case=Gen|Number=Sing	þis	þis	þizos	þis
Case=Gen|Number=Plur	þize	þize, þizei	þizo	þize
Case=Nom|Number=Sing	sa		so	þata, þat
Case=Nom|Number=Plur	þai		þos	þo

PROPN

1739 got-pos/PROPN tokens (94% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (1709; 98%).

PROPN tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (170; 10% of non-empty Gender): Marja, Galeilaia, Galeilaias, Magdalene, Galeilaian, Iudaia, Iudaias, Marþa, Aifaison, Aileisabaiþ
• Masc (1564; 90% of non-empty Gender): Iesus, Iesu, Xristaus, Xristau, Iesuis, Xristus, Xristu, Iesua, Paitrus, Peilatus
• Masc,Neut (3; 0% of non-empty Gender): Siloamis, Aþeinim
• Neut (2; 0% of non-empty Gender): laigaion
• EMPTY (103): Iairusalem, Kafarnaum, Mariam, Aileisabaiþ, Nazaraiþ, Iairusaulwma, Iaireikon, Saudaumjam, Sion, Aifaison

Paradigm Iairusaulwma	Masc	Fem
Case=Acc		Iairusaulwma
Case=Dat	Iairusaulwmai	Iairausaulwmai
Case=Gen		Iairusaulwmos

Gender seems to be lexical feature of PROPN. 97% lemmas (231) occur only with one value of Gender.

NUM

291 got-pos/NUM tokens (73% of all NUM tokens) have a non-empty value of Gender.

The most frequent other feature values with which NUM and Gender co-occurred: Number=Sing (179; 62%).

NUM tokens may have the following values of Gender:

• Fem (34; 12% of non-empty Gender): aina, twos, þusundjos, ainaizos, þusundjom, ainai, þusundjo
• Fem,Masc (22; 8% of non-empty Gender): þrins, tiguns, tigum, tigiwe
• Masc (148; 51% of non-empty Gender): ains, ainana, twans, ainamma, twai, ainai, ainans, ainis, twaim, twalibe
• Masc,Neut (34; 12% of non-empty Gender): ainamma, þrim, ainis, twaddje, þrije, niuntehundis
• Neut (53; 18% of non-empty Gender): ain, twa, ainis, ainamma, hunda, ainata, bajoþum, fidwor.tiguns, hundam, twaim
• EMPTY (110): fimf, sibun, twalif, taihun, fidwor, twaim, ·ib·, saihs, ·l·, ahtau

Paradigm ains	Masc	Masc,Neut	Fem	Neut
Case=Acc|Number=Sing	ainana		aina	ain
Case=Acc|Number=Plur	ainans
Case=Dat|Number=Sing	ainamma	ainamma	ainai	ainamma
Case=Dat|Number=Plur	ainaim
Case=Gen|Number=Sing	ainis	ainis	ainaizos	ainis
Case=Nom|Number=Sing	ains, ainz		aina	ain, ainata
Case=Nom|Number=Plur	ainai

Relations with Agreement in Gender

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Gender: NOUN –[nmod]–> PRON (1285; 70%), NOUN –[det]–> DET (938; 90%), NOUN –[amod]–> ADJ (567; 81%), VERB –[det]–> DET (350; 84%), NOUN –[nmod]–> ADJ (266; 77%), ADJ –[det]–> DET (219; 82%), NOUN –[nmod]–> PROPN (199; 56%), PROPN –[appos]–> NOUN (188; 93%), VERB –[conj]–> VERB (174; 92%), PROPN –[name]–> PROPN (136; 100%).

---

Gender in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

© 2014 Universal Dependencies contributors. Site powered by Annodoc and brat

.