This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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parataxis: parataxis

The parataxis relation (from Greek for “place side by side”) is a relation between the main verb of a clause and other sentential elements, such as a sentential parenthetical, a clause after a “:” or a “;”, or two sentences placed side by side without any explicit coordination or subordination.

When multiple parataxes are present in a single sentence, they get a flat structure, not a hierarchical one, even if they form a temporal sequence.

All else being equal, the leftmost phrase should be the head, but in rare situations the parataxis can go ``backwards’’:

See also: language-general documentation of parataxis


Treebank Statistics (UD_English)

This relation is universal.

1844 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.

1769 instances of parataxis (96%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 10.8600867678959.

The following 64 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: VERB-VERB (651; 35% instances), NOUN-VERB (221; 12% instances), ADJ-VERB (146; 8% instances), VERB-NOUN (132; 7% instances), VERB-ADJ (126; 7% instances), NOUN-NOUN (108; 6% instances), NOUN-ADJ (44; 2% instances), PROPN-NOUN (42; 2% instances), ADJ-ADJ (41; 2% instances), ADJ-NOUN (40; 2% instances), PROPN-VERB (40; 2% instances), NUM-VERB (29; 2% instances), PROPN-PROPN (25; 1% instances), VERB-PROPN (16; 1% instances), VERB-PRON (14; 1% instances), ADV-VERB (13; 1% instances), NOUN-PROPN (12; 1% instances), VERB-ADV (12; 1% instances), PRON-VERB (11; 1% instances), VERB-NUM (9; 0% instances), VERB-X (9; 0% instances), NUM-ADJ (8; 0% instances), NUM-NOUN (7; 0% instances), ADJ-ADV (6; 0% instances), PROPN-ADJ (6; 0% instances), X-VERB (6; 0% instances), ADJ-PROPN (5; 0% instances), PROPN-NUM (5; 0% instances), ADV-NOUN (4; 0% instances), NOUN-PRON (4; 0% instances), PROPN-SYM (4; 0% instances), NOUN-ADV (3; 0% instances), PRON-NOUN (3; 0% instances), VERB-SYM (3; 0% instances), ADJ-AUX (2; 0% instances), ADJ-NUM (2; 0% instances), DET-VERB (2; 0% instances), NOUN-SYM (2; 0% instances), SYM-NOUN (2; 0% instances), SYM-SYM (2; 0% instances), VERB-AUX (2; 0% instances), VERB-PART (2; 0% instances), X-NOUN (2; 0% instances), ADJ-SYM (1; 0% instances), ADJ-X (1; 0% instances), ADP-NOUN (1; 0% instances), ADV-ADJ (1; 0% instances), ADV-ADV (1; 0% instances), ADV-PART (1; 0% instances), ADV-PRON (1; 0% instances), AUX-ADJ (1; 0% instances), AUX-VERB (1; 0% instances), INTJ-PROPN (1; 0% instances), NOUN-DET (1; 0% instances), NOUN-INTJ (1; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (1; 0% instances), NOUN-X (1; 0% instances), NUM-NUM (1; 0% instances), NUM-PROPN (1; 0% instances), PART-NOUN (1; 0% instances), PART-VERB (1; 0% instances), PRON-PRON (1; 0% instances), PROPN-ADV (1; 0% instances), VERB-DET (1; 0% instances).


Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ESL)

This relation is universal.

517 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.

512 instances of parataxis (99%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 12.0386847195358.

The following 31 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: VERB-VERB (207; 40% instances), NOUN-VERB (62; 12% instances), ADJ-VERB (57; 11% instances), VERB-ADJ (53; 10% instances), VERB-NOUN (37; 7% instances), NOUN-ADJ (16; 3% instances), ADJ-ADJ (15; 3% instances), ADJ-NOUN (13; 3% instances), NOUN-NOUN (10; 2% instances), PRON-VERB (6; 1% instances), NUM-VERB (4; 1% instances), ADV-ADJ (3; 1% instances), ADV-VERB (3; 1% instances), PRON-NOUN (3; 1% instances), PROPN-VERB (3; 1% instances), VERB-ADV (3; 1% instances), VERB-PROPN (3; 1% instances), ADJ-PRON (2; 0% instances), NOUN-PROPN (2; 0% instances), NUM-ADJ (2; 0% instances), VERB-NUM (2; 0% instances), VERB-PRON (2; 0% instances), ADJ-NUM (1; 0% instances), ADP-VERB (1; 0% instances), NOUN-ADV (1; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (1; 0% instances), NOUN-PRON (1; 0% instances), PRON-ADJ (1; 0% instances), PRON-AUX (1; 0% instances), PROPN-NOUN (1; 0% instances), VERB-AUX (1; 0% instances).


Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)

This relation is universal.

127 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as parataxis.

125 instances of parataxis (98%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 5.8740157480315.

The following 26 pairs of parts of speech are connected with parataxis: VERB-VERB (57; 45% instances), NOUN-VERB (15; 12% instances), ADJ-VERB (9; 7% instances), VERB-INTJ (8; 6% instances), ADV-VERB (4; 3% instances), VERB-NOUN (4; 3% instances), NOUN-INTJ (3; 2% instances), PROPN-VERB (3; 2% instances), VERB-ADJ (3; 2% instances), ADJ-INTJ (2; 2% instances), AUX-VERB (2; 2% instances), PRON-VERB (2; 2% instances), VERB-ADV (2; 2% instances), ADP-ADV (1; 1% instances), ADP-INTJ (1; 1% instances), ADV-NOUN (1; 1% instances), INTJ-INTJ (1; 1% instances), INTJ-NOUN (1; 1% instances), INTJ-VERB (1; 1% instances), NOUN-NOUN (1; 1% instances), NUM-VERB (1; 1% instances), PRON-INTJ (1; 1% instances), PRON-PRON (1; 1% instances), PROPN-NOUN (1; 1% instances), PROPN-PRON (1; 1% instances), VERB-AUX (1; 1% instances).


parataxis in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]
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