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dobj: direct object

The direct object of a verb is the noun phrase that denotes the entity acted upon. Most often the direct object is in the accusative case but there are verbs that require their objects be in other cases (except for nominative and vocative).

Accusative example:

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Koupil jsem auto . \n Bought I-have car .
dobj(Koupil, auto)
dobj(Bought, car)
{
    "text": "Koupil jsem auto . \n Bought I-have car . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 17, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 21, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 28, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 35, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 39, 40 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

Genitive example:

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Cením si vaší pomoci . \n I-appreciate REFLEX your help .
dobj(Cením, pomoci)
dobj(I-appreciate, help)
{
    "text": "Cením si vaší pomoci . \n I-appreciate REFLEX your help . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 21, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 25, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 38, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 45, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 50, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 55, 56 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T10" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

Dative example:

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Čelíme velkým problémům . \n We-face big problems .
dobj(Čelíme, problémům)
dobj(We-face, problems)
{
    "text": "Čelíme velkým problémům . \n We-face big problems . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 14, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 24, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 28, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 36, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 40, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 49, 50 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

Instrumental example:

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Univerzita nedisponuje takovým rozpočtem . \n University does-not-have-at-disposal such budget .
dobj(nedisponuje, rozpočtem)
dobj(does-not-have-at-disposal, budget)
{
    "text": "Univerzita nedisponuje takovým rozpočtem . \n University does-not-have-at-disposal such budget . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 11, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 23, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 31, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 41, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 45, 55 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T8", "token", [ [ 56, 81 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T9", "token", [ [ 82, 86 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T10", "token", [ [ 87, 93 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T11", "token", [ [ 94, 95 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R2", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T10" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

In general, if there is just one object, it should be labeled dobj, regardless of the morphological case or semantic role that it bears. If there are two or more objects, one of them should be dobj and the others should be iobj. In such cases it is necessary to decide what is the most directly affected object (patient). The one exception is when there is a clausal complement. Then the clausal complement is regarded as a “clausal direct object” and an object nominal will be an iobj.

Diffs

Prague Dependency Treebank

The manual annotation of the PDT does not distinguish direct and indirect objects. Therefore all non-clausal dependents labeled Obj in PDT are currently labeled dobj in the converted data, even if it results in two or more direct objects attached to one verb. In future, the valency lexicon Vallex could be used to identify the main object.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)

This relation is universal.

79476 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as dobj.

54476 instances of dobj (69%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.71241632694147.

The following 51 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dobj: VERB-NOUN (56742; 71% instances), VERB-PRON (13934; 18% instances), ADJ-NOUN (3185; 4% instances), VERB-PROPN (2389; 3% instances), VERB-NUM (839; 1% instances), VERB-ADJ (721; 1% instances), VERB-ADV (551; 1% instances), ADJ-PRON (370; 0% instances), ADJ-PROPN (280; 0% instances), NOUN-NOUN (110; 0% instances), SYM-NUM (66; 0% instances), ADV-NOUN (44; 0% instances), ADJ-ADJ (33; 0% instances), VERB-PART (25; 0% instances), VERB-SYM (18; 0% instances), NOUN-PRON (16; 0% instances), ADJ-NUM (14; 0% instances), NOUN-PROPN (13; 0% instances), PUNCT-NOUN (13; 0% instances), SYM-NOUN (12; 0% instances), NUM-NOUN (11; 0% instances), PUNCT-NUM (10; 0% instances), ADV-PRON (8; 0% instances), NUM-PRON (8; 0% instances), ADJ-ADV (7; 0% instances), NOUN-NUM (7; 0% instances), PROPN-NOUN (7; 0% instances), ADP-NOUN (5; 0% instances), ADV-PROPN (5; 0% instances), NOUN-ADJ (5; 0% instances), PRON-NOUN (4; 0% instances), PRON-PRON (2; 0% instances), PROPN-PROPN (2; 0% instances), VERB-ADP (2; 0% instances), VERB-INTJ (2; 0% instances), ADJ-PART (1; 0% instances), ADJ-SYM (1; 0% instances), ADP-ADJ (1; 0% instances), ADP-PROPN (1; 0% instances), CONJ-NOUN (1; 0% instances), NOUN-ADV (1; 0% instances), NOUN-CONJ (1; 0% instances), NUM-ADV (1; 0% instances), PART-ADP (1; 0% instances), PART-ADV (1; 0% instances), PART-NOUN (1; 0% instances), PART-PART (1; 0% instances), PRON-ADJ (1; 0% instances), PROPN-NUM (1; 0% instances), SYM-CONJ (1; 0% instances), VERB-SCONJ (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 dobj	color:blue
1	Zvedněte	zvednout	VERB	Vi-P---2--A----	Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	telefon	telefon	NOUN	NNIS4-----A----	Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	1	dobj	_	_
3	a	a	CONJ	J^-------------	_	1	cc	_	LId=a-1
4	zavolejte	zavolat	VERB	Vi-P---2--A----	Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	Z:-------------	_	1	punct	_	_

# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 9	fgColor:white
# visual-style 9 7 dobj	color:blue
1	Změny	změna	NOUN	NNFP1-----A----	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	jsou	být	VERB	VB-P---3P-AA---	Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	3	cop	_	_
3	citelné	citelný	ADJ	AAFP1----1A----	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	Z:-------------	_	3	punct	_	_
5	je	být	VERB	VB-S---3P-AA---	Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	6	cop	_	_
6	třeba	třeba	ADJ	ACNS------A----	Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Variant=Short	3	conj	_	LId=třeba-1
7	je	on	PRON	PPXP4--3-------	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	dobj	_	LId=on-1|LGloss=(oni/ono)
8	lépe	dobře	ADV	Dg-------2A----	Degree=Cmp|Negative=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
9	prezentovat	prezentovat	VERB	Vf--------A----	Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_

# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 4 dobj	color:blue
1	Moby	Moby	PROPN	NNMS1-----A----	Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Dick	Dick	PROPN	NNMS1-----A----	Animacy=Anim|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing	1	name	_	_
3	čeřící	čeřící	ADJ	AGMS1-----A----	Animacy=Anim|Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act	1	amod	_	LDeriv=čeřit
4	vody	voda	NOUN	NNFP4-----A----	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	3	dobj	_	_
5	hitparád	hitparáda	NOUN	NNFP2-----A----	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_

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dobj in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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